Since　the　9/11　incident,　the　research　on　nuclear　power　plants　(NPPs)　against　the　impact　of　large　aircraft　has　gradually　become　the　key　research　content　in　the　field　of　national　defense.　Based　on　the　experimental　data,　this　paper　establishes　a　refined　finite　element　(FE)　model　to　investigate　the　dynamic　response　and　failure　mode　of　nuclear　containment　under　the　impact　of　large　aircraft.　Firstly,　the　FE　model　is　established　according　to　the　scale　test,　and　its　accuracy　is　verified.　Then,　the　prototype　nuclear　containment　is　established,　and　the　effects　of　aircraft　impact　speed,　impact　angle,　and　impact　height　on　the　dynamic　response　of　nuclear　containment　are　discussed.　The　results　reveal　that　when　the　impact　velocity　of　the　aircraft　is　greater　than　250　m/s,　the　fuselage,　except　the　wing,　penetrates　into　the　nuclear　containment.　When　the　impact　velocity　reaches　300　m/s,　the　penetration　size　of　the　structure　decreases.　The　increase　in　impact　angle　will　significantly　decrease　the　damage　caused　by　aircraft　to　the　structure.　When　an　aircraft　with　a　speed　of　100　m/s　impacts　the　nuclear　containment　at　less　than　30　degrees,　the　fuselage　will　penetrate　into　the　containment.　In　addition,　this　paper　summarizes　two　distinct　failure　modes　of　aircraft　impact　on　nuclear　containment,　which　provides　a　reference　for　research　related　to　aircraft　impact　on　nuclear　containment.