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Author:

Zhang, N. (Zhang, N..) | Yang, X. (Yang, X..) | Su, B. (Su, B..) | Dou, Z. (Dou, Z..)

Indexed by:

EI Scopus SCIE

Abstract:

Due to high-population density, frequent close contact, possible poor ventilation, university classrooms are vulnerable for transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. Close contact and long-range airborne are possibly main routes for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In this study, taking a university classroom in Beijing for example, close contact behaviors of students were collected through a depth-detection device, which could detect depth to each pixel of the image, based on semi-supervised learning. Finally, >23 h of video data were obtained. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, the relationship between viral exposure and close contact behaviors (e.g. interpersonal distance, relative facial orientations, and relative positions) was established. A multi-route transmission model (short-range airborne, mucous deposition, and long-range airborne) of infectious diseases considering real close contact behaviors was developed. In the case of Omicron, the risk of infection in university classrooms and the efficacy of different interventions were assessed based on dose-response model. The average interpersonal distance in university classrooms is 0.9 m (95 % CI, 0.5 m–1.4 m), with the highest proportion of face-to-back contact at 87.0 %. The risk of infection of susceptible students per 45-min lesson was 1 %. The relative contributions of short-range airborne and long-range airborne transmission were 40.5 % and 59.5 %, respectively, and the mucous deposition was basically negligible. When all students are wearing N95 respirators, the infection risk could be reduced by 96 %, the relative contribution of long-range airborne transmission increases to 95.6 %. When the fresh air per capita in the classroom is 24 m3/h/person, the virus exposure could be decreased by 81.1 % compared to the real situation with 1.02 m3/h/person. In a classroom with an occupancy rate of 50 %, after optimized arrangement of student distribution, the infection risk could be decreased by 62 %. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

Keyword:

Infection risk Dose-response Viral exposure COVID-19 University classroom Close contact

Author Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Zhang N.]Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
  • [ 2 ] [Yang X.]Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
  • [ 3 ] [Su B.]China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
  • [ 4 ] [Dou Z.]Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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Source :

Science of the Total Environment

ISSN: 0048-9697

Year: 2024

Volume: 917

9 . 8 0 0

JCR@2022

Cited Count:

WoS CC Cited Count: 0

SCOPUS Cited Count: 5

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 10

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