To　reduce　carbon　emissions,　the　application　of　hydrogen　as　a　zero-carbon　fuel　in　the　field　of　internal　combustion　engines　(ICEs)　has　become　a　hot　topic　in　recent　years.　Meanwhile,　the　application　of　ignition　methods　such　as　turbulent　jet　ignition　(TJI)　in　engines　has　been　gradually　attracting　the　interest　of　numerous　scholars.　However,　there　is　a　lack　of　research　on　the　performance　of　the　hydrogen-fueled　engine　with　passive　pre-chamber　(PPC).　This　paper　aims　to　explore　the　combustion　and　emission　performance　of　TJI　hydrogen　engines　under　different　load　conditions　through　experimental　and　numerical　methods.　This　study　is　based　on　a　Miller　cycle　engine　equipped　with　the　PPC,　where　hydrogen　is　injected　directly　into　the　cylinder.　The　operational　characteristics　of　internal　flow　field　characteristics,　combustion,　and　energy　conversion　in　the　PPC　are　revealed　by　numerical.　The　engine　operates　at　a　speed　of　1600　rpm　and　an　excess　air　ratio　(λ)　of　1.8.　The　results　show　that　at　a　manifold　absolute　pressure　(MAP)　of　40　kPa,　the　brake　mean　effective　pressure　(BMEP)　is　0.95　bar,　and　the　brake　thermal　efficiency　(BTE)　is　17.26　%,　with　the　coefficient　of　variation　(COV)　of　the　indicated　mean　effective　pressure　(COVIMEP)　of　3.3　%.　Although　BMEP　can　be　increased　to　5.3　bar,　BTE　is　40.3　%,　and　COVIMEP　can　be　reduced　to　1.1　%　under　WOT,　emissions　have　significantly　increased.　Additionally,　the　study　explores　the　effect　of　variable　valve　timing　(VVT)　and　spark　timing　(ST)　on　the　performance　of　the　hydrogen　engine　with　PPC　under　partial　load　conditions.　The　results　indicate　that　the　ST　has　an　insignificant　influence　on　the　power　performance　of　TJI　hydrogen　engines,　but　delaying　the　ST　could　reduce　nitrogen　oxide　(NOx)　emissions.　By　appropriately　delaying　the　timing　of　the　intake　valve　opening　(IVO),　not　only　the　power　performance　of　TJI　hydrogen　engines　could　be　improved,　but　also　the　COVIMEP　could　be　reduced.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd