School　transitions　provide　contexts　for　adolescents　to　reconstruct　peer　relationships　and　re-establish　social　positions.　Scarce　research　has　captured　the　transition　of　aggressor　and　victim　roles　during　this　period　and　examined　associated　factors.　To　investigate　the　stability　and　shifts　of　aggressor　and　victim　roles　following　the　transition　to　middle　school,　this　study　conducted　latent　transition　analysis　with　1261　Chinese　adolescents　(32.6%　female,　M　age　in　Grade　6　=　12.1　years,　SD　=　0.7).　Three　subgroups　were　identified　across　Grades　5　to　8:　aggressive–victims,　victims　and　uninvolved.　Adolescents　were　more　likely　to　transition　from　aggressive–victim　and　victim　roles　to　the　uninvolved　group　during　the　transition　to　middle　school　compared　to　the　transitions　within　the　same　educational　phase.　Males　and　those　with　insecure　parental　attachment　were　at　higher　risk　of　being　and　remaining　in　the　involved　groups.　The　findings　underscore　the　dynamic　nature　of　adolescent　aggression　and　victimization　and　highlight　the　transition　to　middle　school　as　a　critical　window　for　interventions　aimed　at　helping　adolescents　disengage　from　aggression　and　victimization.　©　2024,　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　licence　to　Springer　Science+Business　Media,　LLC,　part　of　Springer　Nature.