Medical　models　play　an　instrumental　role　in　replicating　a　patient’s　unique　anatomy,　enhancing　surgical　outcomes,　and　fostering　effective　communication　between　doctors　and　patients.　While　3D　printing　technology　offers　bespoke　solutions　for　such　models,　producing　designs　with　multiple　overhanging　tissues　often　requires　advanced　3D　printers　–　making　it　unattainable　for　conventional　FDM　fabrication　methods.　To　bridge　this　gap,　we　present　a　cost-efficient,　multi-stage,　printing-molding　hybrid　manufacturing　technique　that　incrementally　solidifies　complex　medical　models.　Leveraging　our　adaptive　optimization　algorithm,　we　determine　the　optimal　molding　direction　and　the　most　streamlined　manufacturing　process　with　the　fewest　stages.　As　a　testament　to　our　method’s　efficacy,　we　successfully　printed　a　liver　model　featuring　overhanging　tumors.　©　2023　Copyright　held　by　the　owner/author(s).