In　order　to　address　energy　and　environmental　challenges　effectively,　there　is　a　need　to　promote　renewable　energy-driven　electrochemical　conversion　technologies,　particularly　electrosynthesis.　Electrosynthesis　has　the　potential　to　convert　abundant　molecules　into　valuable　chemicals　and　fuels.　However,　the　widespread　adoption　of　electrosynthesis　is　often　hindered　by　the　slow　oxygen　evolution　reaction　(OER).　To　overcome　this　limitation,　we　can　employ　the　more　efficient　alcohol　electrooxidation　reaction　(AOR),　utilizing　renewable　biomass-derived　alcohols　as　an　alternative　to　OER　for　producing　high-value　chemicals.　Consequently,　the　development　of　efficient　AOR　catalysts,　in　conjunction　with　cathodic　reduction　reactions　(hydrogen　evolution,　oxygen,　and　nitrogen　electroreduction,　etc.),　is　crucial　for　sustainable　and　environmentally-friendly　advancements.　A　thorough　understanding　of　AOR　mechanisms　is　essential　for　catalyst　design　and　can　be　achieved　through　the　utilization　of　in　situ　characterization　techniques　and　density　functional　theory　(DFT)　calculations.　This　review　summarizes　recent　progress　in　AOR　catalysts,　with　a　particular　focus　on　the　electrooxidation　of　monohydric　alcohols,　polyols,　and　associated　studies　on　reaction　mechanisms.　Additionally,　the　review　identifies　key　factors　impeding　AOR　development　and　provides　insights　into　future　prospects.　This　article　reviews　recent　advancements　in　AOR　catalysts,　emphasizing　mechanistic　studies　through　in　situ　characterization　and　DFT　calculations　to　unravel　the　structure-performance　correlation.