Background:　Repetitive　Nonsuicidal　Self-Injury　(R-NSSI)　is　complex　and　prevalent　in　adolescents.　Although　the　reward　system　is　a　promising　mechanism　to　explain　R-NSSI,　the　specific　processes　of　reward　and　punishment　related　to　R-NSSI　remain　unclear.　This　study　examined　whether　adolescents　with　R-NSSI　displayed　difficulties　in　both　reward　and　punishment　contexts,　and　further　explored　the　role　of　inhibitory　control　in　processing　monetary　reward　and　punishment.　Methods:　Within　a　cohort　from　two　middle　schools　(N　=　3,475,　48.6　%　female,　Mage　=　12.95),　a　total　of　187　adolescents　completed　three　novel　behavioral　tasks.　Specifically,　in　Study　1,　36　adolescents　with　R-NSSI　and　28　without　NSSI　completed　adapted　incentive-delay　tasks　to　evaluate　sensitivity　to　reward　and　punishment.　In　Study　2,　27　adolescents　with　R-NSSI　and　21　without　NSSI　were　given　novel　incentive　delay-two　choice　oddball　task　to　evaluate　the　interaction　between　reward　and　inhibitory　control.　In　Study　3,　38　adolescents　with　R-NSSI　and　35　without　NSSI　completed　similar　task　to　assess　the　interaction　between　punishment　and　inhibitory　control.　Results:　Adolescents　with　R-NSSI　were　characterized　by　higher　levels　of　behavioral　reward　and　punishment　sensitivity　than　adolescents　without　NSSI.　More　importantly,　the　difference　between　reward　and　punishment　in　inhibitory　control　of　R-NSSI　was　found.　Compared　to　adolescents　without　NSSI,　adolescents　with　R-NSSI　showed　lower　levels　of　inhibitory　control　in　response　to　cues　depicting　punishment　content　but　not　to　those　depicting　reward　content.　Conclusions:　This　study　provides　novel　experimental　evidence　that　heightened　behavioral　sensitivity　to　both　reward　and　punishment　may　be　relevant　trait　marker　in　R-NSSI　among　adolescents,　and　emphasizes　that　punishment　not　reward　interact　with　inhibitory　control　in　the　R-NSSI.　©　2024　The　Author(s)