Physiological　experiments　have　shown　that　rats　and　other　mammals　can　form　neural　representations　of　the　spatial　environment　after　exploring　an　unfamiliar　environment,　thus　achieving　goal-directed　navigation.　This　spatial　cognitive　ability　benefits　from　parallel　processing　of　sensory　information　in　rat　brain　networks,　where　the　hippocampus　structure　is　thought　to　be　a　key　brain　region　for　forming　episodic　memory　and　environmental　cognition,　while　the　prefrontal　cortex　receives　reward　information　about　spatiotemporal　events　and　makes　decisions.　These　two　brain　regions　interact,　ultimately　producing　goal-directed　behavior　and　sequence　planning.　In　order　to　simulate　the　cognitive　and　decision-making　abilities　of　rats　in　a　spatial　environment,　a　model　based　on　the　interaction　between　the　hippocampus　and　the　prefrontal　cortex　is　proposed.　The　model　realizes　goal-oriented　navigation　through　reward　propagation　and　forward　replay　mechanism.　The　experimental　results　show　that　the　bionic　navigation　model　can　simulate　the　cognitive　and　decision-making　ability　of　rats,　which　is　consistent　with　the　results　of　physiological　studies.　It　provides　a　reference　for　understanding　the　operation　mechanism　of　brain　in　cognitive　process.　©　2023　IEEE.