Plastic　pollution　ranks　among　the　most　severe　environmental　disasters　caused　by　humans,　generating　millions　of　tonnes　of　waste　annually.　The　extensive　and　unregulated　use　of　plastics　has　led　to　ecotoxicity　and　environmental　imbalance.　Microplastics　(MPs)　are　prevalent　in　aquatic　environments,　and　these　MPs　further　degrade　into　even　smaller　particles　known　as　nano-plastics　(NPs).　Both　MPs　and　NPs　impact　the　environment　by　readily　absorbing　organic　pollutants　and　pathogens　from　their　surroundings,　owing　to　their　bigger　surface　area　to　volume　ratio.　This　review　focuses　on　the　source　of　origin,　bioaccumulation,　and　potential　impact　of　MPs　and　NPs　on　aquatic　organisms　and　human　health.　Additionally,　the　review　explores　various　methods　employed　for　identification　and　quantification　of　these　particles　in　aquatic　ecosystems.　Sufficient　information　is　available　on　their　characteristics,　distributions,　and　effects　on　marine　ecosystems　compared　with　freshwater　ecosystems.　For　plastic　particles　＜10　mu　m,　more　toxicological　effects　were　observed　compared　with　larger　size　particles,　in　aquatic　life.　Understanding　the　mechanism　of　action　and　ecotoxicological　effects　of　micro/nano-plastics　on　the　health　of　aquatic　life　across　various　trophic　levels,　as　well　as　human　health,　is　of　utmost　importance.　We　address　knowledge　gaps　and　provide　insights　into　future　research　approaches　for　a　better　understanding　of　the　interactive　mechanisms　between　binary　pollutants.