To　overcome　the　deficiencies　of　large　particle　radius,　strict　vibration　conditions,　and　low　kinetic　energy　exchange　rate　of　traditional　particle　dampers,　it　is　proposed　to　organically　combine　the　rack　and　pinion　inerter　device　with　a　stacked　single　particle　damper　(SSPD)　to　form　a　novel　stacked　single　particle-inerter　damping　system　(SSPIS).　Based　on　a　detailed　analysis　of　the　force　state　of　particles　at　various　stages,　the　vibration　damping　mechanism　of　SSPIS　is　analyzed,　and　a　mechanical　model　of　a　single-degree-of-freedom　(SDOF)　structure　equipped　with　an　SSPIS　is　established.　The　numerical　simulation　and　analysis　process　of　SSPIS　is　provided,　and　a　parametric　design　method　of　inerter　device　based　on　the　structural　performance　requirements　is　proposed.　The　accuracy　of　the　theoretical　mechanical　model　and　numerical　simulation　analysis　process　of　SSPIS　is　verified　through　shaking　table　tests　of　a　single-story　steel　frame,　and　the　actual　damping　control　effect　of　SSPIS　on　the　controlled　structure　is　investigated.　Both　test　and　theoretical　results　show　that　the　numerical　simulation　analysis　process　of　SSPIS　is　clear　and　accurate,　and　the　mechanical　model　of　the　SSPIS-SDOF　structural　system　is　highly　accurate.　The　inerter　device　in　SSPIS　can　significantly　improve　the　momentum　exchange　efficiency　between　particles　and　structures,　and　SSPIS　could　adaptively　adjust　the　particle　radius　size　on　demand　compared　with　the　traditional　particle　dampers,　with　a　high　damping　frequency　band,　and　can　realize　good　damping　control　effect　under　the　earthquake　with　various　types　of　sites,　which　has　expansive　engineering　application　scenarios.