The　activated　sludge　method　is　one　of　the　most　widely　used　methods　for　biological　wastewater　treatment.　With　the　wide　application　in　production　and　continuous　innovation　and　technology　improvement,　the　activated　sludge　method　and　its　kinetics　have　been　developed　more　deeply　in　theory　and　application　in　biological　wastewater　treatment　through　continuous　research　on　the　reaction　and　purification　mechanism　of　activated　sludge.　This　paper　introduces　the　basic　theory　of　activated　sludge　kinetics　and　kinetics　equations.　It　briefly　summarizes　the　essential　kinetic　principles　and　significance　of　reactions　in　the　biological　wastewater　treatment　process　and　the　kinetic　model　of　the　activated　sludge　method　to　provide　a　reference　for　the　kinetics　study　and　future　in-depth　discussion.　©　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　license　to　Springer　Nature　Switzerland　AG　2024.