Tumor　vaccines,　also　known　as　cancer　vaccines　(CVs),　have　attracted　considerable　attention　as　a　therapeutic　approach　in　the　era　of　cancer　immunotherapy.　They　involve　activating　the　patient＇　s　own　immune　system　by　introducing　tumor　antigens,　thereby　eliciting　a　specific　immune　response　against　the　tumor.　Breakthroughs　in　modern　immunology　and　vaccine　technology　have　led　to　the　development　of　a　new　generation　of　vaccines　that　target　antigens　capable　of　inducing　strong　and　broad　T-cell　responses,　improving　antigen　presentation,　and　overcoming　immune　evasion　and　suppression　by　cancer　cells.　These　advances　have　brought　hope　to　cancer　patients.　Nanocarrier　systems　provide　an　innovative　means　of　delivering　tumor　antigens,　effectively　enhancing　the　stability　and　specificity　of　vaccines,　addressing　the　limitations　of　traditional　vaccines　in　targeting　and　antigen　presentation　efficiency.　Nanocarriers　are　destined　to　become　an　important　component　of　cancer　immunotherapy,　not　only　for　their　delivery　capabilities　but　also　for　their　intrinsic　adjuvant　properties　in　stimulating　immune　cells.　Nanotechnology-based　tumor　vaccines　offer　numerous　advantages,　including　specific　antigen　delivery,　enhanced　immune　response　intensity,　and　reduced　adverse　reactions,　making　them　highly　promising　for　future　development.　The　application　and　development　of　tumor　antigens　and　adjuvants　are　thus　briefly　described.　Recent　advances　in　tumor　vaccines　utilizing　nano-delivery　carriers　from　different　sources　and　preparation　methods　are　classified　and　introduced.　An　outlook　on　the　development　of　tumor　vaccines　is　provided.　©　2024　China　Biotechnology　Press.　All　rights　reserved.