The　organic　carbon　in　wastewater　is　a　potential　resource.　Using　sludge　as　a　carrier　for　organic　carbon　in　hydrolysis　acidification　and　anaerobic　digestion　maximizes　utilizing　organic　carbon　resources　and　reduces　sludge.　Organic　carbon　capture　systems　must　be　established　to　enrich　the　sludge　with　additional　organic　carbon.　This　review　systematically　expounds　on　the　mechanism　and　processes　of　organic　carbon　capture.　However,　the　organic　carbon　capture　process　still　needs　several　challenges,　as　evidenced　by　the　low　carbon　capture　efficiency,　the　loss　of　organic　carbon　due　to　mineralization,　and　the　reduction　in　overall　system　operational　efficiency　due　to　the　degradation　of　sludge　settling　performance.　A　method　to　improve　carbon　capture　efficiency　and　stabilize　sludge　settling　performance　through　enhanced　extracellular　polymeric　substances　secretion　is　clarified.　A　carbon　capture　coupled　partial　nitrification-anammox　and　denitrification　phosphorus　removal-endogenous　partial　denitrification　process　is　proposed　for　nutrient　removal　in　a　carbon　capture　system　for　the　first　time.　In　this　way,　the　demand　for　organic　carbon　in　the　nutrient　removal　process　is　reduced,　and　energy　consumption　for　aeration　is　saved.