In　recent　years,　source-separated　urine　has　garnered　widespread　recognition　as　a　valuable　nutrient　recovery　resource.　This　paper　summarizes　urine　components　globally　and　related　urine　nutrient　recovery　technologies.　Comparative　analysis　highlights　the　significant　advantages　of　biological　nitrification　in　technology,　environmental　impact,　and　economics,　enabling　sustainable　complete　nutrient　recovery　from　urine.　This　review　summarizes　functional　microorganisms　involved　in　urine　biological　nitrification　and　evaluates　the　performance　of　various　reactors,　while　also　detailing　key　factors　influencing　biological　nitrification　and　conducting　its　role　in　improving　fertilizer　safety.　Considering　the　need　for　remote　transport　and　convenient　storage,　the　performance　of　urine　nitrification-based　concentration　technologies　in　resource　recovery　is　also　evaluated　and　the　effective　approaches　for　widespread　application　are　proposed.　Nonetheless,　nutrient　recovery　technologies　based　on　urine　biological　nitrification　has　significant　challenges　to　be　overcome,　including　rapid　reactor　start-up,　stable　process　operation,　enhanced　fertilizer　safety,　and　industrial-scale　implementation.　To　address　these　challenges,　this　review　proposes　corresponding　development　strategies　and　outlines　future　prospects.　With　the　refinement　of　urine　source　separation　systems　and　improvements　of　nutrient　recovery　technologies　based　on　biological　nitrification,　urine　source　separation　strategies　and　decentralized　treatment　methods　will　help　to　contribute　to　the　establishment　of　wastewater　management　systems　that　integrate　pollution　control,　recycling,　and　ecological　protection.