Drought　is　a　pressing　environmental　issue　with　profound　socio-economic　impacts.　Frequent　drought　disasters　around　the　world　have　brought　huge　impacts　and　challenges,　severely　constraining　the　sustainable　development　of　cities.　How　to　improve　drought　resilience　to　guarantee　regional　sustainable　development　has　become　a　hot　research　topic.　In　this　study,　we　developed　a　comprehensive　framework　to　assess　drought　resilience　in　China,　analyzing　its　spatiotemporal　evolution　characteristics,　uncovering　the　underlying　impact　mechanisms,　and　projecting　future　resilience　trends　across　different　regions　of　the　country.　Over　the　past　12　years,　the　average　drought　resilience　level　in　China　has　risen　by　14.4　%.　Central　and　eastern　coastal　provinces　demonstrated　higher　resilience　levels,　contrasting　with　the　western　inland　regions＇　lower　resilience.　A　significant　positive　spatial　correlation　was　observed　in　China＇s　drought　resilience,　with　high-value　clusters　emerging　in　the　southeastern　and　northeastern　regions.　Among　the　sub-resilience　dimensions,　social　resilience　had　the　most　substantial　impact.　The　prediction　model　suggests　that　the　drought　resilience　level　will　increase　modestly　by　6.2　%　across　provinces,　maintaining　the　spatial　pattern　of　higher　resilience　in　the　eastern　coastal　areas　and　the　southern　and　northern　extremities,　with　lower　resilience　in　the　central　region.　Our　findings　underscore　the　significance　of　understanding　regional　variations　in　drought　resilience　to　inform　targeted　and　efficient　policy　interventions.　©　2024　The　Authors