The　flow　and　heat　transfer　processes　of　liquid　argon　within　nanochannels　with　random　roughness　are　investigated　using　the　molecular　dynamics　method.　This　study　explores　the　effects　of　surface　roughness　and　wettability　on　flow　and　heat　transfer　performance.　The　results　indicate　that　both　surface　roughness　and　wettability　significantly　influence　temperature　jumps,　velocity　slip,　flow　resistance,　and　temperature　distribution.　Specifically,　hydrophilic　surfaces　can　reduce　temperature　jumps　and　velocity　slip　due　to　their　enhanced　ability　to　adsorb　liquid　atoms,　which　effectively　improves　heat　transfer　while　simultaneously　increasing　flow　resistance.　The　fractal　dimension　D　characterizes　the　surface　roughness,　which　decreases　as　D　increases.　Additionally,　both　the　Nusselt　number　and　drag　coefficient　decrease　with　increasing　D.　In　this　study,　we　investigate　cases　where　D　ranges　from　2.5　to　2.9,　with　D　=　2.5　representing　the　highest　roughness,　and　the　smooth　channel　corresponding　to　the　lowest　roughness.　For　hydrophilic　nanochannels　at　D　=　2.5,　the　Nusselt　number　and　drag　coefficient　increased　by　factor　of　2.2　times　and　5.2　times　compared　to　smooth　channels,　respectively.　For　hydrophobic　nanochannels　at　D　=　2.5,　the　Nusselt　number　and　drag　coefficient　increased　by　a　factor　of　4.5　times　and　29.1　times　compared　to　smooth　surface　channels,　respectively.　Considering　both　flow　and　heat　transfer　performances,　the　best　comprehensive　performance　is　achieved　with　D　=　2.8　for　channels　with　hydrophilic　surfaces　and　D　=　2.6　for　channels　with　hydrophobic　surfaces.　This　work　systematically　investigates　the　coupled　effects　of　random　roughness　and　wettability　on　the　flow　and　heat　transfer　characteristics　in　nanochannels,　providing　new　theoretical　insights　for　optimizing　nanochannel　design.