It　is　highly　desirable　but　challenging　to　design　multi-functional　materials　for　energy　storage　and　electromagnetic　(EM)　wave　absorption.　Herein,　core-shell　CaSnO3@N-doped　carbon　(CSO@NCNF)　coaxial　nanocables　with　one-dimensional　(1D)　architecture　were　synthesized　by　employing　the　electrospinning　method　combined　with　in　situ　polymerization　and　heat　treatment.　In　the　resulting　structure,　the　CaSnO3　nanofiber　(CSONF)　core　with　an　average　diameter　of　52.5　nm　is　confined　in　the　high　electronic　conductivity　of　the　N-doped　carbon　sheaths　with　a　thickness　ranging　from　27.3　to　67.2　nm.　The　lithium　storage　performance　of　the　CSO@NCNF　nanocable　electrode　is　much　higher　than　that　of　the　CSONF　electrode;　this　is　owing　to　the　(i)　large　number　of　void　spaces　and　active　sites　generated　by　the　structure　of　the　1D　core-shell　nanocables,　(ii)　fast　transport　network　constructed　by　carbon　sheaths　prominently　enhancing　the　transport　of　both　electrons　and　lithium　ions,　and　(iii)　structural　stability　achieved　through　the　buffering　mechanism　created　by　CaSnO3@NCNF　coaxial　construction.　However,　its　ingenious　structural　design,　multiple　heterogeneous　interfaces　and　multi-component　strategy　give　rise　to　a　synergistic　mechanism　of　impedance　matching,　conductive　loss,　polarization　loss　and　multiple　reflection/scattering.　The　coaxial　nanocables　display　good　microwave　absorption　(MA)　properties,　featuring　a　reflection　loss　(RL)　value　of　-47.0　dB　at　8.2　GHz　and　2.5　mm　as　well　as　an　effective　absorption　bandwidth　(EAB)　of　4.7　GHz　at　1.4　mm.　This　unique　structural　design　is　believed　to　provide　a　reference　for　the　preparation　of　multi-functional　materials.