Compared　to　theoretical　models,　finite　element　methods　provide　greater　versatility　for　dynamic　response　analyses　of　rocking　bridges,　especially　when　considering　the　influences　of　various　nonlinear　boundary　conditions.　A　finite　element　modeling　method　based　on　fiber　section　elements　for　three-dimensional　seismic　analyses　of　rocking　bridges　is　developed　in　this　paper.　This　method　solves　the　problem　of　energy　dissipation　and　stiffness　determination　of　the　rocking　interface.　Based　on　the　proposed　modeling　method,　considering　nonlinear　boundary　conditions　(such　as　abutment-soil　interaction,　impact　effect,　and　pile-soil　interaction),　the　seismic　responses　of　rocking　bridges,　including　free　rocking,　prestressed　rocking　and　prestressed　rocking　with　dampers,　under　the　excitation　of　three-dimensional　ground　motions　are　analyzed.　The　results　show　that:　after　reasonable　design,　the　prestressed　rocking　bridge　with　dampers　exhibits　similar　seismic　responses　to　the　cast-in-place　bridge,　and　maintains　a　good　self-centering　ability.　The　responses　of　all　the　rocking　bridges　under　bi-directional　loading　are　greater　than　those　under　unidirectional　loading.　In　contrast,　vertical　ground　motion＇s　influence　on　the　response　of　the　rocking　bridges　is　minimal.　Ignoring　the　pile-soil　interaction　significantly　underestimates　the　seismic　demand　of　the　evaluated　bridges,　especially　the　free　rocking　bridge　and　rocking　bridge　with　prestressed　tendons　only.