The　dynamic　properties　of　high-temperature　sandstone　quickly　deteriorate　with　different　cooling　methods,　which　leads　to　the　instability　of　underground　engineering　rock　structures.　Therefore,　it　is　of　great　significance　to　quantify　the　changes　in　the　dynamic　characteristics　of　high-temperature　cooled　sandstone　under　impact　loads.　Therefore,　the　sandstone　is　heated　to　different　temperatures　and　cooled　using　three　methods.　A　dynamic　tensile　test　is　performed　using　the　Splitting　Hopkinson　Pressure　Bar　(SHPB)　test　set　for　high-temperature　cooled　sandstone.　At　the　same　time,　the　transient　process　of　rock　failure　was　examined　using　high-speed　cameras.　The　influence　of　different　temperatures　and　cooling　methods　on　the　thermal　damage　value　of　sandstone　was　analyzed,　and　the　prediction　equation　was　formed.　The　change　in　rock　energy　during　rock　failure　under　impact　load　was　calculated.