Dinotefuran　(DIN)　is　toxic　to　non-target　organisms　and　accelerates　the　evolution　of　antibiotic　resistance,　which　poses　a　problem　for　the　stable　operation　of　the　activated　sludge　process　in　wastewater　treatment　plants　(WWTPs).　However,　the　emergence　and　the　transfer　mechanism　of　antibiotic　resistance　genes　(ARGs)　in　activated　sludge　systems　under　DIN　stress　remains　unclear.　Thus,　in　the　study,　the　potential　impact　of　DIN　on　ARGs　and　virulence　factor　genes　(VFGs)　in　aerobic　granular　sludge　(AGS)　was　investigated　in　depth　using　metagenomic　binning　and　functional　modules.　It　was　found　that　DIN　stress　increased　the　total　abundance　of　ARGs,　mobile　genetic　elements　(MGEs),　and　VFGs　in　the　AGS　system,　with　the　highest　abundance　of　fabG　(4.6%),　tnpA　(55.6%)　and　LPS　(39.0%),　respectively.　The　proliferation　of　the　enteric　pathogens　Salmonella　enterica　and　Escherichia　coli　in　the　system　indicates　that　DIN　induces　exposure　of　harmless　bacteria　to　the　infected　environment.　The　genera　Nitrospira　(1169　ARG　subtypes)　and　Dechloromonas　(663　ARG　subtypes)　were　identified　as　the　potentially　antibiotic-resistant　bacteria　carrying　the　most　ARGs　and　MGEs　in　the　metagenome-assembled　genomes.　Colocalization　patterns　of　some　ARGs,　MGEs,　and　the　SOS　response-related　gene　lexA　were　observed　on　metagenome-assembled　contigs　under　high　levels　of　DIN　exposure,　suggesting　DIN　stimulated　ROS　production　(101.8%　increase　over　control),　altered　cell　membrane　permeability,　and　increased　the　potential　for　horizontal　gene　transfer　(HGT).　Furthermore,　the　DNA　damage　caused　by　DIN　in　AGS　led　to　the　activation　of　the　antioxidant　system　and　the　SOS　repair　response,　which　in　turn　promoted　the　expression　of　the　type　IV　secretion　system　and　HGT　through　the　flagellar　channel.　This　study　extends　the　previously　unappreciated　DIN　understanding　of　the　spread　and　associated　risks　of　ARGs　and　VFGs　in　the　AGS　system　of　WWTPs.　It　elucidates　how　DIN　facilitates　HGT,　offering　a　scientific　basis　for　controlling　emerging　contaminant-induced　resistance.