This　study　revisits　the　coupling　effects　of　tunnel　ceiling　temperature　distribution　caused　by　plume　escapes　from　metro　carriage　doors　during　a　fire.　The　impact　of　fire　heat　release　rates　on　the　ceiling　temperature　distribution　under　various　door-opening　scenarios　was　analysed　by　utilising　the　superposition　principle.　The　concept　of　virtual　fire　sources　was　proposed　to　model　the　ceiling　temperature　distribution　associated　with　plume　outflows　from　carriage　doors.　The　results　indicate　that　the　ceiling　temperature　distribution　in　a　metro　tunnel　fire　is　primarily　influenced　by　virtual　fire　sources　generated　by　plumes　escaping　through　multiple　doors.　The　maximum　ceiling　temperature　from　a　single　virtual　fire　source　was　significantly　lower　than　that　of　a　real　fire,　and　the　temperature　decay　followed　a　double　exponential　function.　The　heat　flow　ratio　for　each　door　remained　nearly　constant　for　different　fire　heat　release　rates,　and　variations　in　heat　flow　with　door　positions　were　analysed.　The　incorporation　of　heat　loss　terms　into　the　theoretical　model　improved　the　accuracy　and　quantification　of　heat　loss　coefficients.　A　predictive　model　for　the　ceiling　temperature　distribution　caused　by　metro　carriage　fires　was　developed　based　on　the　superposition　principle,　with　the　predictions　well　aligning　with　the　experimental　results.　This　study　enhances　our　understanding　of　the　ceiling　temperature　distribution　in　multi-opening　structures　and　guides　scenarios　involving　multiple　fire　sources　within　tunnels.