To　address　the　issue　of　insufficient　oxygen　activation　by　electrode　materials　in　electro-Fenton-like　technology,　we　prepared　a　novel　composite　by　one-step　electrodeposition　on　graphite　felt　(GF)　followed　by　calcination.　The　CuO@Co3O4/GF　composite　possessed　oxygen　vacancies　and　a　heterostructure,　which　effectively　modulated　the　catalyst＇s　charge　distribution,　facilitating　oxygen　adsorption　and　activation.　The　heterostructure　enhanced　the　interfacial　electron　transfer　between　CuO　and　Co3O4,　shifting　the　Co　d-band　center　to　higher　energies　and　increasing　its　electron　density,　which　reduced　the　oxygen　adsorption　energy　barrier.　The　presence　of　oxygen　vacancies　reduced　the　kinetic　barriers　of　the　oxygen　reduction　reaction　and　provided　additional　active　sites.　CuO@Co3O4/GF　was　utilized　for　chloroquine　phosphate　degradation,　achieving　100　%　removal　within　60　min,　with　a　reaction　rate　5.6　times　higher　than　that　of　GF,　and　exhibited　exceptional　stability　and　applicability　over　a　broad　pH　range.　This　study　presents　a　facile　approach　for　preparing　composites　with　both　oxygen　vacancies　and　heterostructures,　providing　new　insights　into　enhancing　electrocatalytic　performance.