During　measurement　while　drilling　(MWD),　mud　pulse　signals　experience　significant　attenuation　as　they　propagate　upward　due　to　the　properties　of　drilling　fluid　and　frictional　losses.　This　makes　decoding　surface　signals　challenging,　while　the　downward　propagation　of　signals　to　the　wellbore　can　lead　to　formation　blowout.　Therefore,　it　is　essential　to　analyze　the　factors　influencing　mud　positive　pulse　attenuation　and　develop　an　optimization　method　to　enhance　surface　signal　reception　while　mitigating　bottom-hole　pressure　fluctuations　This　paper　establishes　a　mud　positive　pulse　transmission　attenuation　model　based　on　one-dimensional　water　hammer　theory,　solved　using　the　method　of　characteristic　lines.　Wavelet　decomposition　and　reconstruction　are　applied　to　extract　positive　pulse　amplitudes　from　the　simulation　results.　The　study　employs　control　variates　to　investigate　the　effects　of　drilling　fluid　density,　consistency　coefficient,　liquidity　index,　mud　pump　rate,　and　well　depth　on　mud　pulse　signal　attenuation.　These　factors　are　further　used　as　decision　variables　in　the　Non-dominated　Sorting　Genetic　Algorithm　II　(NSGA-II)　to　propose　a　dual-objective　optimization　method　tailored　for　ultra-deep　wells　with　narrow　safe　density　windows.　The　results　demonstrate　strong　agreement　between　the　model　predictions　and　measured　bottom-hole　pressure　in　terms　of　amplitude　and　inflection　point　timing,　validating　the　model＇s　accuracy.　Within　certain　ranges,　increasing　drilling　fluid　density　leads　to　greater　attenuation　of　the　positive　pulse　amplitude　transmitted　to　the　surface.　The　attenuation　rate　shows　a　pattern　of　initial　increase,　followed　by　a　decrease,　and　then　another　increase.　Additionally,　increases　in　the　consistency　coefficient,　liquidity　index,　mud　pump　rate,　or　well　depth　result　in　higher　attenuation　of　the　positive　pulse　amplitude,　with　a　corresponding　rise　in　attenuation　rate.　Ina　7000-m　vertical　well,　the　proposed　optimization　method　reduces　the　bottom-hole　negative　pulse　amplitude　by　approximately　90.7%　to　92.6%　and　enhances　the　positive　pulse　amplitude　at　the　riser　by　33.3%　to　50.7%.　This　study　provides　significant　theoretical　and　methodological　guidance　for　the　application　of　MWD　systems　in　drilling　operations