Wastewater　treatment　plants　(WWTPs)　contribute　to　the　contamination　of　aquatic　environments　with　the　neonicotinoid　insecticide　dinotefuran　(DIN).　Therefore,　mapping　the　DIN-induced　performance　of　biological　sewage　treatment　and　the　evolution　of　the　microbiota　is　essential　for　controlling　DIN　from　WWTP　sources.　In　this　study,　we　systematically　investigated　the　microbial　community　assembly　patterns　and　microbial　interaction　characteristics　of　aerobic　granular　sludge　(AGS)　systems　driven　by　different　DIN　concentrations　(0.1　−10　mg/L)　at　the　phylogenetic　level.　Results　indicated　that　the　biological　removal　of　nitrogen　from　the　AGS　system　was　reduced　when　DIN　was　present　at　high　concentrations.　Quantitative　extrapolation　of　the　phylogenetic-bin-based　null　model　demonstrated　that　drift　dominated　the　community　turnovers　and　showed　the　strongest　relative　influence　across　the　AGS　systems　(49.35–51.99　%).　Deterministic　homogeneous　selection　of　microbial　community　assembly　increased　with　increasing　DIN　concentration　stress　on　the　system　and　predominated　at　0.5　mg/L　DIN;　however,　it　became　the　second　most　dominant　process　at　the　maximum　stress.　Bin39—a　dominant　species　in　the　Nitrospira　genus—was　the　most　prominent.　Furthermore,　high　DIN　concentration　exposure　promotes　symbiotic　resistance　among　microorganisms　in　the　AGS　system.　The　associations　among　keystone　taxa,　environmental　factors,　and　dominant　ecological　processes　suggest　that　the　ecological　differences　faced　by　species　during　migration　promote　changes　in　the　AGS　communities　in　response　to　DIN　stresses.　Overall,　the　potential　relationship　between　microbial　community　structure　and　assembly　mechanism　in　the　AGS　system　under　DIN　stress　provides　valuable　insights　into　DIN　control　of　WWTP.　©　2025　Elsevier　Ltd