Bone　adapts　according　to　the　mechanical　environment,　and　this　adaptation　can　be　visualized　by　altering　its　shape,　size,　and　microarchitecture.　Bone　adaptation　was　recognized　more　than　a　century　ago,　with　a　description　presented　in　The　Law　of　Bone　Remodeling.　Furthermore,　the　conceptual　model　of　“The　Mechanostat”　provides　a　quantitative　relationship　between　the　magnitude　of　bone　tissue　deformation　(strain)　and　bone　adaptive　responses.　However,　upon　maintaining　a　constant　strain　magnitude,　various　bone　responses　were　observed　experimentally　under　different　loading　parameters　(e.g.,　frequency,　rate,　number　of　load　cycles,　rest　insertion,　and　waveform).　Nevertheless,　the　precise　relationship　between　mechanical　signals　and　bone　adaptation　remains　unclear.　Accordingly,　we　reviewed　in　vivo　loading　studies　to　determine　the　quantitative　relationships　between　various　mechanical　signals　and　bone　adaptive　responses　in　various　animal　loading　models.　Additionally,　we　explored　how　these　relationships　are　influenced　by　pathophysiological　factors,　such　as　age,　sex,　and　estrogen　deficiency.　Moreover,　mechanistic　studies　that　consider　cellular　mechanical　microenvironments　to　explain　these　quantitative　relationships　are　discussed.　A　general　formula　that　considers　the　bone　adaptive　response　as　a　function　of　different　loading　parameters　was　proposed.　This　review　may　enhance　our　understanding　of　bone　adaptation　and　offer　guidance　for　clinicians　to　develop　effective　mechanotherapies　to　prevent　bone　loss.　©　2025　The　Author(s)