In　this　study,　waterborne　polyurethane　(WPU),　a　novel　modifier,　was　used　for　the　wet　surface　modification　of　talc,　and　its　mechanism　was　investigated.　Polypropylene　(PP)-based　composites　with　modified　talc　were　synthesized　and　subjected　to　an　examination　of　their　mechanical　properties.　The　wetting　contact　angle　demonstrated　that　the　modified　talc　exhibited　an　excellent　modification　effect　at　a　specific　amount　of　modifier　(2.0　wt.%).　The　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD),　Fourier-transform　infrared　(FTIR),　and　X-ray　photoelectron　spectroscopy　(XPS)　results　indicated　the　successful　coating　of　WPU　on　the　surface　of　the　talc　particles.　SEM　images　revealed　that　modified　talc　displayed　improved　wettability,　compatibility,　and　dispersion　in　PP/talc　+　WPU　composites.　The　mechanical　properties　results　showed　that　the　PP/talc　+　WPU　composites　ensured　superior　comprehensive　properties　with　a　flexural　strength　of　55.9　MPa,　impact　strength　of　4.72　kJ/m2,　tensile　strength　of　34.8　MPa,　and　elongation　of　breaks　of　32.4%.　The　incorporation　of　WPU-modified　talc　into　plastic　materials　has　been　synthesized　to　leverage　its　beneficial　properties,　leading　to　reduced　production　costs　and　improved　performance　and　functionality　of　the　final　product.　©　2024　by　the　authors.