Optical　microcavities　highly　confine　optical　fields　in　microscales　to　boost　the　interaction　strength　between　photons　and　matters　，which　can　be　used　as　a　general　structure　for　enhancement　of　florescence　and　Raman　scattering　in　applications　of　trace-detection　and　optoelectronics.　The　development　of　nano-manufacturing　techniques　advances　optical　microcavities　to　higher　quality　factors　and　smaller　mode　volumes　，by　which　several　new　physical　phenomena　in　radiation　and　scattering　processes　are　observed.　Unfortunately　，the　performance　of　optical　microcavities　in　fluorescence　and　Raman　enhancement　competitive　to　surface　plasmonic　resonances　supported　by　metallic　nanostructures　is　still　challenging.　The　hybrid　structures　integrating　optical　microcavities　with　metals　or　2D　materials　are　therefore　proposed　，opens　up　new　opportunities　to　boost　the　microcavity-enhanced　radiation　and　inelastic　scattering　superior　to　traditional　surface-enhanced　fluorescence　and　surface-enhanced　Raman　spectroscopy　in　a　variety　of　applications.　This　article　reviews　the　advancements　in　optical　microcavity　enhanced　fluorescence　and　Raman　spectroscopies　over　past　two　decades.　It　provides　a　comprehensive　overview　of　the　types　and　optical　properties　of　optical　microcavities　，and　deeply　explores　the　enhancement　mechanisms　in　the　cutting-edge　of　the　related　studies.　Finally　，the　prospects　of　optical　microcavity　enhanced　fluorescence　and　Raman　spectroscopy　in　development　and　future　applications　are　summarized.　©　2025　Editorial　Office　of　Chinese　Optics.　All　rights　reserved.