Generation of high-order picosecond optical vortices up to the 17th order from a mode-locked Hermite-Gaussian laser - Details

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Abstract：

Vortex　beams,　characterized　by　their　helical　phase　front　and　orbital　angular　momentum,　have　attracted　significant　attention　in　recent　research.　Generating　high-order　ultrafast　optical　vortices　in　a　mode-locked　Hermite-Gaussian　(HG)　laser　presents　significant　challenges　due　to　the　inherent　contradiction　between　achieving　high-order　mode　output　and　maintaining　the　mode-locking　threshold.　In　achieving　high-order　mode　locking　with　non-collinear　pumping,　increasing　the　non-collinear　angle　will　reduce　the　pump　threshold　of　the　high-order　mode　and　make　it　easy　to　output　the　high-order　mode,　but　it　will　also　increase　the　spot　size　and　cause　the　mode-locking　to　fail.　This　study　designed　an　asymmetric　resonator　structure　to　weaken　the　contradiction　between　high-order　mode　output　and　mode-locking　and　achieved　17th-order　mode　output.　Meanwhile,　the　properties　of　vortex　beams　were　investigated　in　a　laser　diode　(LD)　non-collinear　pumped　Nd:　YVO4　passively　mode-locked　laser.　By　carefully　controlling　the　non-collinear　angle　and　mode-locking　threshold,　up　to　17th-order　HG　mode　was　achieved　with　a　maximum　average　output　power　of　662　mW.　The　pulse　width　was　38.5　ps　at　a　repetition　rate　of　about　81.2　MHz.　Subsequently,　a　cylindrical　lens　mode　converter　was　used　to　convert　the　1st　to　the　17th　order　HG　modes　into　the　corresponding　Laguerre–Gaussian　(LG)　modes.　To　the　best　of　our　knowledge,　this　is　the　highest-order　picosecond　mode-locked　vortex　beam　reported　to　date,　which　provides　theoretical　guidance　for　realizing　high-order　ultrafast　optical　vortices.　©　2025　Optica　Publishing　Group　under　the　terms　of　the　Optica　Open　Access　Publishing　Agreement.

Keyword：

Pulse repetition rate Lenses Prisms Pumps Mode-locked fiber lasers Passive mode locking Picosecond lasers Optical pumping Nonlinear optics Neodymium lasers

Author Community：

[ 1 ] [Huang, Can]School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China
[ 2 ] [Huang, Can]Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 3 ] [He, Chaojian]Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 4 ] [He, Chaojian]Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of All-Solid-State Lasers Advanced Manufacturing, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 5 ] [Yu, Haijuan]Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 6 ] [Yu, Haijuan]Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of All-Solid-State Lasers Advanced Manufacturing, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 7 ] [Yu, Haijuan]College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 101407, China
[ 8 ] [Yu, Haijuan]Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
[ 9 ] [Zou, Shuzhen]Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 10 ] [Zou, Shuzhen]Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of All-Solid-State Lasers Advanced Manufacturing, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 11 ] [Li, Xinyao]Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 12 ] [Li, Xinyao]Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of All-Solid-State Lasers Advanced Manufacturing, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 13 ] [Li, Xinyao]College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 101407, China
[ 14 ] [Li, Xinyao]Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
[ 15 ] [Wu, Wenjuan]Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 16 ] [Wu, Wenjuan]Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of All-Solid-State Lasers Advanced Manufacturing, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 17 ] [Wu, Wenjuan]College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 101407, China
[ 18 ] [Wu, Wenjuan]Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
[ 19 ] [Sun, Mengping]School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China
[ 20 ] [Sun, Mengping]Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 21 ] [Wang, Xubao]School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China
[ 22 ] [Lin, Xuechun]Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 23 ] [Lin, Xuechun]Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of All-Solid-State Lasers Advanced Manufacturing, Beijing; 100083, China
[ 24 ] [Lin, Xuechun]College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 101407, China
[ 25 ] [Lin, Xuechun]Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China

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