Novel　engineered　cementitious　composite　(ECC)　columns　reinforced　with　hybrid　reinforcement　(longitudinal　steel-FRP　composite　bars　(SFCBs)　and　GFRP　stirrups)　exhibit　superior　load　capacity,　ductility,　and　corrosion　resistance.　However,　the　lack　of　research　on　their　axial　compression　behavior　and　the　key　parameters　seriously　limits　their　safe　application.　To　address　this　research　gap,　experimental　investigations　of　22　column　specimens　were　conducted　to　evaluate　their　axial　compression　behavior.　The　effects　of　matrix　type,　ECC　strength,　hybrid　reinforcement,　longitudinal　reinforcement　type,　longitudinal　reinforcement　ratio,　and　volumetric　stirrup　ratio　were　discussed.　The　test　results　show　that,　compared　to　concrete　columns,　unreinforced　and　reinforced　ECC　columns　have　12.5　%　and　10.7　%　higher　load　capacity,　respectively,　with　enhanced　ductility　characteristics.　The　use　of　ECC　effectively　reduces　specimen　damage.　Longitudinal　SFCBs　can　work　synergistically　with　ECC,　efficiently　maintaining　their　integrity　before　ECC　crushing.　Notably,　replacing　longitudinal　steel　bars　with　equal-stiffness　SFCBs　leads　to　similar　compression　behavior　of　columns,　including　axial　load　capacity　and　ductility.　The　excellent　tensile　properties　and　fiber　bridging　effect　of　ECC　slow　the　development　of　stirrup　strain　and　prevent　premature　slip　of　GFRP　stirrups.　Furthermore,　a　modified　prediction　model　of　axial　load　capacity　was　proposed,　which　has　excellent　accuracy　for　this　novel　type　of　column.　©　2025　Elsevier　Ltd