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Author:

Gong, Bei (Gong, Bei.) | Li, Zhe (Li, Zhe.) | Gong, Mowei (Gong, Mowei.) | Zhu, Haotian (Zhu, Haotian.) | Meng, Weizhi (Meng, Weizhi.) | Guo, Chong (Guo, Chong.)

Indexed by:

Scopus SCIE

Abstract:

Inertial measurement unit (IMU) fingerprinting is a promising physical authentication technique based on hardware imperfections produced during sensor manufacturing. This paper presents a two-stage feature extraction process that combines feature selection and mapping; the proposed approach is tailored for the lightweight vehicle-to-everything (V2X) application scenario. Specifically, the selected features are transformed into images via Gramian angular difference field (GADF), Gramian angular summation field (GASF), and Markov transition field (MTF) mappings, as well as feature extraction implemented via a convolutional neural network (CNN). Owing to the advances provided by the proposed scheme, a lightweight feature extraction system achieves satisfactory accuracy levels above 99.10% with fewer sample data and a short training time. The effectiveness and robustness of the developed approach were validated under various driving conditions via 20 IMU sensors, Arduino, and a Raspberry Pi across 20 vehicles. Additionally, tests conducted across different deep learning models demonstrated the generalizability of the proposed preprocessing and mapping methods.

Keyword:

vehicle-to-everything (V2X) Feature extraction Training Micromechanical devices Authentication Vehicle-to-everything Signal representation IMU fingerprint authentication Vehicles Hardware feature mapping Accuracy Fingerprint recognition lightweight

Author Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Gong, Bei]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Comp Sci, Beijing Key Lab Trusted Comp, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 2 ] [Li, Zhe]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Comp Sci, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 3 ] [Gong, Mowei]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Comp Sci, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 4 ] [Zhu, Haotian]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Comp Sci, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 5 ] [Guo, Chong]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Comp Sci, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 6 ] [Meng, Weizhi]Univ Lancaster, Sch Comp & Commun, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England
  • [ 7 ] [Meng, Weizhi]Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Appl Math & Comp Sci, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

Reprint Author's Address:

  • [Guo, Chong]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Comp Sci, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China;;[Meng, Weizhi]Univ Lancaster, Sch Comp & Commun, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England;;[Meng, Weizhi]Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Appl Math & Comp Sci, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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Source :

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

ISSN: 1524-9050

Year: 2025

8 . 5 0 0

JCR@2022

Cited Count:

WoS CC Cited Count:

SCOPUS Cited Count:

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 1

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