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Ge-based chalcogenide glass fibers exhibit a high damage threshold and exceptional water stability, making them an ideal material for transmitting Er: YAG laser beams. However, the problem of particle scattering in the current glass poses formidable challenge to the transmission of high-power Er: YAG lasers. In this study, we introduce what we believe to be a novel approach to mitigate internal scattering by employing a micron-scale filter in combination with a multi-stage dynamic distillation process, effectively extending the purity limits of Ge-CHG fibers. The loss of Ge-As-S glass has achieved a record of 0.1 dB/m by reducing the internal particle scattering. In addition, the Ge-As-S optical fiber prepared by the isolation extrusion method also exhibits excellent performance in the transmission of Er: YAG laser. The Ge-As-S fiber rod with a core diameter of approximately 750 µm can sustain a laser power of 13.43 W at wavelength of 2.94 µm, i.e., energy density of 684 J/cm2 under atmosphere surrounding. To enhance flexibility, the fiber rod was tapered to gradually reduce its diameter, achieving a core diameter of 300 µm at the narrow end. The flexible Ge-As-S fiber achieved a maximum power output of 4.1 W with an energy density of 580 J/cm2. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of a chalcogenide fiber handling Er: YAG laser power exceeding 5 W flexibly. Finally, we demonstrated the capability of the flexible optical fiber to transmit Er: YAG laser energy for biological tissue ablation, achieving a cutting depth of 3 mm. These results highlight the potential of Ge-As-S fibers as a promising platform for high-power mid-infrared laser transmission, with significant applications in minimally invasive surgery procedures. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.
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Optics Express
Year: 2025
Issue: 10
Volume: 33
Page: 20370-20382
3 . 8 0 0
JCR@2022
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 1
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