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Author:

Liang, Xiaolin (Liang, Xiaolin.) | Wang, Yuyang (Wang, Yuyang.) | Jiao, Kai (Jiao, Kai.) | Wang, Xiange (Wang, Xiange.) | Xu, Weisheng (Xu, Weisheng.) | Bai, Shengchuang (Bai, Shengchuang.) | Zhao, Zheming (Zhao, Zheming.) | Wang, Rongping (Wang, Rongping.) | Li, Pingxue (Li, Pingxue.) | Shiryaev, Vladimir (Shiryaev, Vladimir.) | Wang, Xunsi (Wang, Xunsi.)

Indexed by:

EI Scopus

Abstract:

Ge-based chalcogenide glass fibers exhibit a high damage threshold and exceptional water stability, making them an ideal material for transmitting Er: YAG laser beams. However, the problem of particle scattering in the current glass poses formidable challenge to the transmission of high-power Er: YAG lasers. In this study, we introduce what we believe to be a novel approach to mitigate internal scattering by employing a micron-scale filter in combination with a multi-stage dynamic distillation process, effectively extending the purity limits of Ge-CHG fibers. The loss of Ge-As-S glass has achieved a record of 0.1 dB/m by reducing the internal particle scattering. In addition, the Ge-As-S optical fiber prepared by the isolation extrusion method also exhibits excellent performance in the transmission of Er: YAG laser. The Ge-As-S fiber rod with a core diameter of approximately 750 µm can sustain a laser power of 13.43 W at wavelength of 2.94 µm, i.e., energy density of 684 J/cm2 under atmosphere surrounding. To enhance flexibility, the fiber rod was tapered to gradually reduce its diameter, achieving a core diameter of 300 µm at the narrow end. The flexible Ge-As-S fiber achieved a maximum power output of 4.1 W with an energy density of 580 J/cm2. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of a chalcogenide fiber handling Er: YAG laser power exceeding 5 W flexibly. Finally, we demonstrated the capability of the flexible optical fiber to transmit Er: YAG laser energy for biological tissue ablation, achieving a cutting depth of 3 mm. These results highlight the potential of Ge-As-S fibers as a promising platform for high-power mid-infrared laser transmission, with significant applications in minimally invasive surgery procedures. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

Keyword:

Ablation Laser power transmission Laser beam cutting Laser materials processing Laser surgery

Author Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Liang, Xiaolin]Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 2 ] [Liang, Xiaolin]Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 3 ] [Wang, Yuyang]Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 4 ] [Wang, Yuyang]Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 5 ] [Jiao, Kai]Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 6 ] [Wang, Xiange]College of Information and Intelligence Engineering, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo; 315000, China
  • [ 7 ] [Xu, Weisheng]Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 8 ] [Xu, Weisheng]Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 9 ] [Bai, Shengchuang]Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 10 ] [Bai, Shengchuang]Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 11 ] [Zhao, Zheming]College of Data Science, Jiaxing University, 314001, China
  • [ 12 ] [Wang, Rongping]Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 13 ] [Wang, Rongping]Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 14 ] [Li, Pingxue]Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China
  • [ 15 ] [Shiryaev, Vladimir]Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin Str., Nizhny Novgorod; 603951, Russia
  • [ 16 ] [Wang, Xunsi]Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China
  • [ 17 ] [Wang, Xunsi]Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo; 315211, China

Reprint Author's Address:

  • [wang, xunsi]laboratory of infrared materials and devices, advanced technology research institute, ningbo university, ningbo; 315211, china;;[wang, xunsi]zhejiang key laboratory of photoelectric materials and devices, ningbo; 315211, china

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Source :

Optics Express

Year: 2025

Issue: 10

Volume: 33

Page: 20370-20382

3 . 8 0 0

JCR@2022

Cited Count:

WoS CC Cited Count:

SCOPUS Cited Count:

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 1

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