131　small　specimens　and　10　scaled　wood　column　specimen　(including　2　complete　specimen　and　8　with　different　defect　locations　and　sizes　and　the　type　is　core　cavity)　are　made　with　the　reference　to　Building　Formulas　to　research　the　ancient　wooden　building　internal　defects　compressive　bearing　capacity　prediction.　Some　researches　on　the　relationship　between　the　small　specimens　wave　resistance　modulus　and　mechanics,　nondestructive　testing　and　internal　defects　wood　column　compressive　bearing　capacity　prediction　as　well　as　dangerous　section　judgment　and　so　on.　The　test　result　suggests　that　there　is　a　significant　positive　correlation　between　the　wave　resistance　modulus　and　the　compressive　strength　(r2　=　0.635),　which　is　more　accurate　than　single　parameter;　internal　defect　specimens　with　various　locations　have　an　impact　on　overall　compressive　bearing　capacity　and　with　the　defect　sectional　area　expanding,　the　compressive　bearing　capacity　decreases　continuously,　the　cross-sectional　area　of　the　defect　is　proportional　to　the　attenuation　of　the　relative　resistance　value;　nondestructive　method　can　better　predict　wood　column　ultimate　compressive　bearing　capacity　and　the　error　is　predicted　less　than　10%.　Nondestructive　testing　method　can　better　determine　the　most　dangerous　section　of　the　test　piece　compared　with　destruction　morphology　results.　The　wooden　components　quality　can　be　safely　evaluated　on　the　premise　that　the　originality　of　the　ancient　buildings　is　preserved　and　valid　data　references　can　also　be　provided　for　renovation　and　reinforcement　of　ancient　buildings　wooden　components.　©　2019,　©　2019　Taylor　&　Francis　Group,　LLC.