To　improve　electrochemical　performance　of　the　fuel　cell　devices,　various　nanoscaled　materials　were　produced　using　different　methods　such　as　colloidal　chemistry,　physical　deposition,　pyrolysis,　and　solid-state　chemistry.　Series　of　materials　such　as　Pt-catalytic　support　materials　are　described　and　include　doped　metal　oxides,　carbides,　nitrides,　borides,　mesoporous　silica,　metal,　and　conducting　polymer-based　support　materials　for　Pt　class　of　electrocatalysts.　In　this　chapter,　we　summarized　the　recent　developments　in　the　advanced　synthesis　of　electrodes　for　low-temperature　fuel　cells,　cathode,　and　anode　catalyst　for　proton　exchange　membrane　fuel　cells　(PEMFCs).　The　structures　of　these　materials　were　highly　diversified,　including　core-shell,　hybrid　catalytic　materials,　and　skinned-shell　structures.　We　also　discuss　tolerance　to　acidic　media　and　CO　of　catalysts　supported　by　metal　and　mixed　metal　oxide　nanocatalysts　with　mesoporous,　hollow,　or　multilayered　structures.　Their　representative　catalytic　applications　in　the　fuel　cell　devices　particularly　in　oxygen　reduction　reaction　(ORR),　hydrogen　oxidation　reactions　(HOR),　and　methanol　oxidation　reaction　(MOR)　are　discussed.　We　highlighted　perspectives　for　their　challenges　ahead　and　opportunities　for　their　use　in　low-temperature　fuel　cells　and　PEMFCs.　Based　on　the　structural　characterization　and　performance　of　the　devices,　we　further　listed　the　ideal　support　material　characteristics　to　enhance　the　stability　and　durability　of　these　carbon-based　and　non-carbon-based　support　materials　for　Pt　and　non-Pt　nanocatalysts　used　in　low-temperature　fuel　cells.　©　2018　Springer-Verlag　GmbH　Germany.