Greater　attention　is　currently　being　paid　to　the　relationship　between　indoor　environment　and　childhood　allergies,　however,　the　lack　of　reliable　data　and　the　disparity　among　different　areas　hinders　reliable　assessment　of　the　relationship.　This　study　focuses　on　the　effect　of　indoor　pollution　on　Chinese　schoolchildren　and　the　relationship　between　specific　household　and　health　problems　suffered.　The　epidemiological　questionnaire　survey　and　the　field　measurement　of　the　indoor　thermal　environment　and　primary　air　pollutants　including　CO2,　fine　particulate　matter　(PM2.5),　chemical　pollutants　and　fungi　were　performed　in　six　Chinese　cities.　A　total　of　912　questionnaires　were　eligible　for　statistical　analyses　and　sixty　houses　with　schoolchildren　aged　9-12　were　selected　for　field　investigation.　Compared　with　Chinese　national　standards,　inappropriate　indoor　relative　humidity　(＜　30%　or　＞　70%),　CO2　concentration　exceeding　1000　ppm　and　high　PM2.5　levels　were　found　in　some　monitored　houses.　Di(2-ethylhexyl)　phthalate　(DEHP)　and　dibutyl　phthalate　(DBP)　were　the　most　frequently　detected　semi-volatile　organic　compounds　(SVOCs)　in　house　dust.　Cladosporium,　Aspergillus　and　Penicillium　were　detected　in　both　indoor　air　and　house　dust.　This　study　indicates　that　a　thermal　environment　with　CO2　exceeding　1000　ppm,　DEHP　and　DBP　exceeding　1000　mu　g/g,　and　high　level　of　PM2.5,　Cladosporium,　Aspergillus　and　Penicillium　increases　the　risk　of　children＇s　allergies.