The　experiments　of　the　deformation　and　failure　of　rock　under　the　condition　of　uniaxial　compression　were　carried　out　by　using　the　white　digital　speckle　correlation　methods.　According　to　the　experimental　data　collected　in　different　ways,　the　experiments　were　divided　into　two　groups.　A　group　of　experiment　investigated　the　deformation　evolution　process　of　rock　loaded,　the　specimen　surface　speckles　images　were　recorded　by　CCD　camera,　According　to　the　calculation　results,　the　rock　deformation　evolution　was　studied.　The　other　group　of　experiment　investigated　the　deformation　evolution　process　of　the　transient　of　rock　damage;　the　specimen　surface　speckles　images　were　recorded　by　adopting　high　speed　cameras.　By　adopting　the　different　times　speckle　images　as　reference　frame,　the　plastic　hardening　to　peak　stage　deformation　evolution　characteristics　and　the　peak　to　destroy　phase　analysis　of　deformation　evolution　characteristics　were　carried　out.　At　the　same　time,　some　quantitative　parameters　were　obtained　in　the　experiments,　such　as　the　value　of　deformation,　the　ratio　of　maximum　and　minimum　values　of　the　deformation　in　the　deformation　localization　band,　the　ratio　of　deformation　values　inside　and　outside　the　deformation　localization　band,　and　the　average　speed　of　crack　propagation.