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学者姓名：龚秋明
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Abstract ：
Image analysis of rock chips is an important approach for TBM intelligent tunneling, and it can be used for real-time evaluation of rock-breaking efficiency and optimization of tunneling parameters. In order to investigate the relationships between TBM tunneling parameters and rock chip characteristics, a multi-step field tunneling test was carried out in an intact granite formation at a TBM construction section of Qingdao Metro Line 6. A rock chip image acquisition system was installed on the TBM to real-time collect rock chip images. Then, the relationship between the tunneling parameters and the size and shape characteristics of rock chips obtained through image processing was analyzed. The results showed that the median particle size d50, maximum particle size dmax and roughness index CI all present a positive correlation with thrust, torque and penetration, while a good negative correlation with FPI and SE. When the thrust exceeds a critical value for rock-breaking, the increase in thrust will significantly increase d50 and CI, while dmax increases significantly only when the thrust exceeds a larger value. Besides, as the thrust increases, the shape of the large rock chips gradually becomes flattened and the aspect ratio increases. However, after the thrust reaches a certain level, the aspect ratio will remain stable. The results can provide a basis for real-time optimization of TBM tunneling parameters based on rock chip information.
Keyword ：
field tunneling test field tunneling test tunneling parameters tunneling parameters tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunnel boring machine (TBM) rock chip rock chip tunneling performance tunneling performance
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhou Xiao-xiong , Xiao Yu-hang , Gong Qiu-ming et al. Relationships between tunneling parameters of TBM and rock chip characteristics based on image analysis [J]. | ROCK AND SOIL MECHANICS , 2024 , 45 (4) : 1142-1153 . |
| MLA | Zhou Xiao-xiong et al. "Relationships between tunneling parameters of TBM and rock chip characteristics based on image analysis" . | ROCK AND SOIL MECHANICS 45 . 4 (2024) : 1142-1153 . |
| APA | Zhou Xiao-xiong , Xiao Yu-hang , Gong Qiu-ming , Liu Xiao-li , Liu Jun-hao , Liu Dong-xin . Relationships between tunneling parameters of TBM and rock chip characteristics based on image analysis . | ROCK AND SOIL MECHANICS , 2024 , 45 (4) , 1142-1153 . |
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Abstract ：
Button cutters are commonly used in hard rock drilling because the inserted carbide buttons provide exceptional wear resistance, impact resistance, and high strength in challenging geological formations. One of the most pressing issues in designing a button cutter is to study the rock breaking mechanisms of carbide buttons. In this study, the three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) was employed to investigate the rock breaking mechanism and cutting performance of five widely used carbide buttons, i.e., spherical, saddle, wedge, conical, and parabolic buttons. The simulation results were compared with laboratory tests to reveal the rock indentation process. The crack propagation pattern, energy dissipation, and damage evolution associated with the force-penetration depth curve were investigated. Tensile damage was the primary determinant for crack propagation and coalescence. By systematically exploring the penetration index, specific energy, and crack propagation characteristics, the conical button had a high rock breaking efficiency when the penetration depth was low, and the saddle button had a high rock breaking efficiency when the penetration depth was high. The findings can provide references for the design of a button cutter.
Keyword ：
carbide button carbide button numerical simulation numerical simulation crack propagation crack propagation breaking mechanism breaking mechanism damaged zone damaged zone
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Yanan , Gong, Qiuming , Zhou, Xiaoxiong et al. The Modelling of Rock Fragmentation Mechanisms by Carbide Buttons Using the 3D Discrete Element Method [J]. | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (10) . |
| MLA | Ma, Yanan et al. "The Modelling of Rock Fragmentation Mechanisms by Carbide Buttons Using the 3D Discrete Element Method" . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 13 . 10 (2023) . |
| APA | Ma, Yanan , Gong, Qiuming , Zhou, Xiaoxiong , Yin, Lijun , Ma, Hongsu . The Modelling of Rock Fragmentation Mechanisms by Carbide Buttons Using the 3D Discrete Element Method . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (10) . |
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Abstract ：
HighlightsThe indentation tests with different types of carbide buttons were conducted.The indentation process and crack pattern under the indenter were analyzed.The conical and saddle buttons are better by exploring the PI, SE, and crack pattern.
Keyword ：
Button cutter Button cutter Rock-breaking efficiency Rock-breaking efficiency Fluorescent crack visualization method Fluorescent crack visualization method Indentation test Indentation test Carbide button Carbide button
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Yanan , Gong, Qiuming , Yin, Lijun et al. Preliminary Study on the Carbide Button Selection of a Button Cutter for Beishan Granite Using Indentation Tests [J]. | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2023 , 56 (10) : 7721-7735 . |
| MLA | Ma, Yanan et al. "Preliminary Study on the Carbide Button Selection of a Button Cutter for Beishan Granite Using Indentation Tests" . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING 56 . 10 (2023) : 7721-7735 . |
| APA | Ma, Yanan , Gong, Qiuming , Yin, Lijun , Ma, Hongsu , Kang, Le . Preliminary Study on the Carbide Button Selection of a Button Cutter for Beishan Granite Using Indentation Tests . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2023 , 56 (10) , 7721-7735 . |
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Abstract ：
The HuaiFu tunnel section of Shenzhen Metro Line 12 is located in Baoan District, Shenzhen, with a total length of approximately 1750 m. The excavated grounds are extremely complicated, with soft soil ground, mixed ground, fault zones, and hard rock ground with a length of over 1200 m. A dual-mode shield TBM with EPB and single-shield modes was employed in the tunnel section. To evaluate the tunnelling performance of the dual-mode shield TBM, two sets of monitoring systems were applied to acquire the cutterhead working performance during the dual-mode shield TBM tunnelling, and the tunnelling difference between the dual-mode shield TBM and composite EPB shield in hard rock ground were analysed. As for the cutterhead working performance, relative sliding occurred between the cutter and tunnel face, and the cutter wear curve increased linearly in any ground and excavation modes. Under different grounds and excavation modes, the cutterhead temperature thresholds were different, and the time-domain and frequency-domain of the cutterhead vibration were different. As for the tunnelling difference, the single-shield mode offered a higher penetration rate, fewer cutter replacements, lower energy consumption and faster advance rate than the EPB mode. The advance rate of EPB mode was higher than that of the composite EPB shield due to the faster cutterhead rotation speed. The results can provide guidance for excavation mode selection of the dual-mode shield TBM and type selection of TBM for similar grounds.
Keyword ：
Monitoring system Monitoring system Cutterhead working performance Cutterhead working performance Composite EPB shield Composite EPB shield Excavation mode Excavation mode Tunnelling performance Tunnelling performance Dual-mode shield TBM Dual-mode shield TBM
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Fan , Gong, Qiuming , Li, Zhigang et al. Study on Tunnelling Performance of Dual-Mode Shield TBM by Cutterhead Working Performance and Tunnelling Difference Comparison: A Case in Shenzhen Metro Line 12 [J]. | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2023 , 56 (7) : 5315-5333 . |
| MLA | Wu, Fan et al. "Study on Tunnelling Performance of Dual-Mode Shield TBM by Cutterhead Working Performance and Tunnelling Difference Comparison: A Case in Shenzhen Metro Line 12" . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING 56 . 7 (2023) : 5315-5333 . |
| APA | Wu, Fan , Gong, Qiuming , Li, Zhigang , Huang, Liu , Sun, Qianwei , Liu, Qiuyu . Study on Tunnelling Performance of Dual-Mode Shield TBM by Cutterhead Working Performance and Tunnelling Difference Comparison: A Case in Shenzhen Metro Line 12 . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2023 , 56 (7) , 5315-5333 . |
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Abstract ：
The brittle failure induced by high in-site stress occurring at the tunnel face significantly affect the TBM performance. To study the rock mass failure mechanism under the combined effect of high stress and TBM cutters, three groups of true-triaxial rockburst tests were conducted, simulating the failure processes using the loading scheme "one-single face free and the remaining five surfaces loaded". Conditioned granite specimens previously cut by the TBM cutter were prepared, and the different stressed conditions were determined based on the in-situ stress field of the Yinhan water conveyance tunnel. As the confining stress increased, the peak strength of the rock specimen also increased, and the final rupture was more violent, leading to a rockburst. The failure process recorded by the high-speed camera and the failure pattern showed a clear change. The rock conditioned by the TBM cutter was more susceptible to brittle failure under high stress, and the failure depth was greater. The stressstrain curves in the & sigma;1 direction and the AE characteristics indicated that as the loading stress increased, the damage in the rock changed from a dominant tensile failure to a dominant shear failure, gradually extending to deeper areas of the rock. This alteration changed the rock mass mechanical behavior of the tunnel face, i.e., its stability and boreability, consequently influencing the rock breakage process by TBM cutters. As the severity of failure increased, the TBM performance shifted from a low efficiency rock-breaking performance limited by the cutter thrust to a high efficiency rock-breaking performance limited by the muck capacity and safety control.
Keyword ：
Tunnel face Tunnel face TBM performance TBM performance High in-situ stress High in-situ stress True-triaxial rockburst test True-triaxial rockburst test Rockburst Rockburst
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Jianwei , Gong, Qiuming , Yin, Lijun et al. True-triaxial experimental study on the brittle failure of granite conditioned by the TBM disc cutter [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES , 2023 , 170 . |
| MLA | Lu, Jianwei et al. "True-triaxial experimental study on the brittle failure of granite conditioned by the TBM disc cutter" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES 170 (2023) . |
| APA | Lu, Jianwei , Gong, Qiuming , Yin, Lijun , Thuro, Kurosch , Su, Guoshao . True-triaxial experimental study on the brittle failure of granite conditioned by the TBM disc cutter . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES , 2023 , 170 . |
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Abstract ：
In most cases, TBM tunnels are constructed in jointed rock masses. Rock chip properties can be used to interpret the response of the rock mass to the TBM tunnelling. Engineering-scale simulations can help us to explain the relationship between rock chip properties and rock mass conditions. In this study, a GPU-based DICE2D programme is presented to meet the computation requirements of the engineering-scale simulation. The smooth joint model (SJM) was also incorporated into DICE2D via an improved joint side checking approach. Using the SJM-embedded DICE2D, a multiple-cutter penetration model was set up. The combined influence of joint spacing and angle on the rock breaking process and rock chip properties were analysed. Further, a rock chip extraction algorithm was proposed to quantify the shape and size distribution. The results showed that in the rock masses with the close joint spacing, the smaller the alpha angle, the blockier the rock chips were. As the joint spacing increase, the rock chips become flat. Both the joint spacing and alpha angle affected the size distribution. The overall size of rock chips decreased with the increasing joint spacing, and first increased with the increasing alpha angle and then decreased when the alpha angle was over 60 degrees. The very closely jointed rock mass at the alpha angle of 90 degrees was an exception because rock slabs would be produced. In addition, in the jointed rock mass with the joint spacing less than 250 mm and 60 degrees-75 degrees alpha angle, or in the highly jointed rock masses with 90 degrees alpha angle, significant differences between the forces acting on the different cutters were revealed.
Keyword ：
Rock breaking mechanism Rock breaking mechanism Jointed rock mass Jointed rock mass Tunnel boring machine Tunnel boring machine DICE2D DICE2D Rock chip Rock chip
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhou, Xiaoxiong , Gong, Qiuming , Liu, Xiaoli et al. Rock Chip Properties of TBM Penetration in Jointed Rock Masses Based on an Improved DICE2D Simulation [J]. | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2022 , 55 (12) : 7547-7568 . |
| MLA | Zhou, Xiaoxiong et al. "Rock Chip Properties of TBM Penetration in Jointed Rock Masses Based on an Improved DICE2D Simulation" . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING 55 . 12 (2022) : 7547-7568 . |
| APA | Zhou, Xiaoxiong , Gong, Qiuming , Liu, Xiaoli , Xu, Hongyi , Yin, Lijun . Rock Chip Properties of TBM Penetration in Jointed Rock Masses Based on an Improved DICE2D Simulation . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2022 , 55 (12) , 7547-7568 . |
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Abstract ：
Rock mass characteristics (RMC) model is the one of serval prediction models for TBM penetration rate that considers the interaction between the rock mass and cutters. The first version was developed in 2009. However, it was a relative site specific model and the machine parameters were ignored. To update the RMC model, a comprehensive data base which included the results of the laboratory cutting tests and the in site penetration tests was compiled. Firstly, the correction factors of the cutter spacing and cutter shape were set up based on the laboratory tests, which were then used to normalize the data with the given machine parameters. Finally, two critical parameters in RMC model, i.e., the specific rock mass boreability index (SRMBI) and the exponent c, were estimated by regression analysis using the rock mass parameters. Now SRMBI in the updated model represents the boreability of a rock mass excavated by the given machine setup at penetration rate of 1 mm/rev. A higher SRMBI implies the rock mass is more difficult to be bored. The exponent c decides the increment in cutter normal force for the increasing penetration rate, c together with the rock mass strength reflect the different TBM cutting modes. Since the rock specimens in the laboratory tests was intact and the rock masses in the in site penetration tests contain the joints, the updated model reflects the reduction in the required thrust force caused by the joints in nature. The updated RMC model covered a wide range of the geological context and machine parameters. It could be used to predict TBM penetration rate and optimize the operating parameter in the given stroke. The equations in the updated model need further modification when more test data is collected, and the in situ stress needs to be taken into consideration.
Keyword ：
Rock mass boreability Rock mass boreability Rock breakage process Rock breakage process TBM penetration Rate TBM penetration Rate Test database Test database TBM performance Prediction TBM performance Prediction
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| GB/T 7714 | Gong, Qiuming , Xu, Hongyi , Lu, Jianwei et al. Rock mass characteristics model for TBM penetration rate prediction- an updated version [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES , 2021 , 149 . |
| MLA | Gong, Qiuming et al. "Rock mass characteristics model for TBM penetration rate prediction- an updated version" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES 149 (2021) . |
| APA | Gong, Qiuming , Xu, Hongyi , Lu, Jianwei , Wu, Fan , Zhou, Xiaoxiong , Yin, Lijun . Rock mass characteristics model for TBM penetration rate prediction- an updated version . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES , 2021 , 149 . |
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Abstract ：
以实际工程为背景,设计了具有单一卵石层和2个既有隧道的试验模型.基于自主研发的土压平衡盾构试验平台,开展了卵石地层盾构下穿既有马蹄形隧道和矩形隧道的模型试验.在试验过程中,记录了盾构机的施工动力和排土量,同时监测了试验模型的地表沉降,以及既有隧道的应变和作用在其上的土压力.通过盾构机施工动力和排土量的变化,分析了既有隧道对盾构施工状态的影响.利用盾构下穿过程中盾构排土量的变化,解释了既有隧道周围卵石土体发生塌落破坏的原因.基于实测的地表沉降和作用在既有隧道上土压力的变化规律,揭示了盾构下穿过程中既有隧道与卵石土体的相互作用机理.
Keyword ：
地表沉降 地表沉降 既有隧道 既有隧道 卵石地层 卵石地层 模型试验 模型试验 隧道变形 隧道变形 盾构下穿 盾构下穿
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| GB/T 7714 | 林庆涛 , 路德春 , 雷春明 et al. 下穿施工时盾构-卵石地层-既有隧道相互作用模型试验研究 [J]. | 北京工业大学学报 , 2021 , 47 (04) : 328-337 . |
| MLA | 林庆涛 et al. "下穿施工时盾构-卵石地层-既有隧道相互作用模型试验研究" . | 北京工业大学学报 47 . 04 (2021) : 328-337 . |
| APA | 林庆涛 , 路德春 , 雷春明 , 李晓强 , 苗金波 , 龚秋明 et al. 下穿施工时盾构-卵石地层-既有隧道相互作用模型试验研究 . | 北京工业大学学报 , 2021 , 47 (04) , 328-337 . |
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Abstract ：
隧道施工中,岩石的磨蚀性是影响各类破岩工具磨损的主要因素之一.国际上设计了许多评价岩石磨蚀性的小型试验,其中Cerchar试验因其操作简易性获得了普遍应用,其结果CAI(Cerchar Abrasivity Index)值能够较好地预测破岩工具连续、平稳的正常磨损,目前我国也广泛采用该试验进行岩石磨蚀性评价.由于我国引进该试验时间较晚,尚无国家试验规范,CAI值的等级划分不明确.本文收集了国际上各试验室与机构使用的分级标准,从CAI值分级所用的钢针硬度、CAI值对应的破岩工具磨损量、大量试验数据的分布3个方面综合比较,认为国际岩石力学协会推荐的CAI值分级比较合理.本文对国内Cerchar试验规范创立、岩石磨蚀性评价具有借鉴意义.
Keyword ：
CAI分级 CAI分级 磨蚀性试验 磨蚀性试验 工具磨损 工具磨损
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| GB/T 7714 | 龚秋明 , 许弘毅 , 李立民 . 岩石磨蚀性指数分级讨论 [J]. | 地下空间与工程学报 , 2021 , 17 (3) : 748-758 . |
| MLA | 龚秋明 et al. "岩石磨蚀性指数分级讨论" . | 地下空间与工程学报 17 . 3 (2021) : 748-758 . |
| APA | 龚秋明 , 许弘毅 , 李立民 . 岩石磨蚀性指数分级讨论 . | 地下空间与工程学报 , 2021 , 17 (3) , 748-758 . |
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Abstract ：
Real-time muck analysis is of great importance for assisting tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in intelligent tunneling. Typically, muck images are characterized by low contrast, large appearance differences, and object overlap, posing a great challenge to image segmentation. In this study, a deep learning-based approach, composed of a dual UNet with multi-scale inputs and side-output (MSD-UNet) and a post-processing algorithm, was proposed to solve the automatic segmentation of muck images and estimate the size and shape of rock chips. The MSD-UNet used a dual structure with two decoders to segment the regions and boundaries of rock chips in a unified network, aiming to solve the overlapping problem of rock chips by introducing the boundary information. It also integrated a multi-scale input and side outputs to enhance low-level image features and supervise the training of early layers of the network, respectively. An integrated loss function based on generalized dice loss was developed to solve the class imbalance problem. The multi-radius erosion and seed filling algorithms were employed to further separate the connected chips in the post-processing. To evaluate the effectiveness of the method, a dataset containing various muck images collected from a TBM construction site was set up, and the MSD-UNet was trained and tested. Experimental results showed that the segmentation using the proposed approach outperformed those of using U-Net and comparable conventional methods. It achieved the highest F1score of 0.867 and 0.640 on the region and boundary task respectively, and an average Hausdorff distance of 3.59 mm for the rock chip instance. The proposed approach can process a 2,048 x 2,048 image in about 4 s and can nearly meet the requirement of real-time TBM muck image analysis.
Keyword ：
MSD-UNet MSD-UNet Size distribution Size distribution Image segmentation Image segmentation Intelligent TBM tunneling Intelligent TBM tunneling Real-time analysis Real-time analysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhou, Xiaoxiong , Gong, Qiuming , Liu, Yongqiang et al. Automatic segmentation of TBM muck images via a deep-learning approach to estimate the size and shape of rock chips [J]. | AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION , 2021 , 126 . |
| MLA | Zhou, Xiaoxiong et al. "Automatic segmentation of TBM muck images via a deep-learning approach to estimate the size and shape of rock chips" . | AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION 126 (2021) . |
| APA | Zhou, Xiaoxiong , Gong, Qiuming , Liu, Yongqiang , Yin, Lijun . Automatic segmentation of TBM muck images via a deep-learning approach to estimate the size and shape of rock chips . | AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION , 2021 , 126 . |
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