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学者姓名：高春娣
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Abstract ：
The presence of recalcitrant substances in wastewater poses challenges for water treatment, as together with other readily biodegradable substrates, they negatively affect the treatment of actual wastewater. In this study, the differential effects of a typical representative of recalcitrant substances (i.e., oleic acid) on the performance of activated sludge system and microbial community structure at different concentrations (0 %, 50 %, and 100 %) were examined. According to the results, when the influent contained no oleic acid (0 %), the best sludge settling performance was achieved with a sludge volume index (SVI) of 98 mL/g; this was superior to systems with oleic acid influents of 50 % (SVI = 290 mL/g) and 100 % (SVI = 146 mL/g). The addition of oleic acid significantly increased the content of extracellular polymeric substances, especially extracellular protein. This enhanced microbial activity but also led to poor sludge settling performance, particularly in the 50 % oleic acid system, where the protein/polysaccharide ratio increased. Microbial community analysis revealed that 100 % oleic acid promoted the growth of denitrifying bacteria, such as Hydrogenophaga and Rhodoferax, while inhibiting Candidatus_Accumulibacter and Dechloromonas. In the 50 % oleic acid system, the filamentous bacterium Thiothrix spp. dominated, causing sludge bulking. In the 0 % oleic acid system, the growth of Zoogloea facilitated floc formation and enhanced settling. These findings reveal that oleic acid alters microbial metabolism by shifting microbial carbon source utilization and increasing EPS production, which in turn alters microbial community dynamics and negatively impacts sludge settling. This study provides insights for optimizing the treatment of oleic acidcontaining wastewater.
Keyword ：
Microbial community Microbial community Oleic acid Oleic acid Activated sludge Activated sludge Recalcitrant substance Recalcitrant substance
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Zhuoni , Gao, Chundi , Hu, Xinyan et al. Effects of oleic acid on activated sludge systems: Performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial communities [J]. | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING , 2025 , 13 (3) . |
| MLA | Chen, Zhuoni et al. "Effects of oleic acid on activated sludge systems: Performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial communities" . | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 13 . 3 (2025) . |
| APA | Chen, Zhuoni , Gao, Chundi , Hu, Xinyan , Gao, Yunya , Zhou, Jiamin , Peng, Yongzhen . Effects of oleic acid on activated sludge systems: Performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial communities . | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING , 2025 , 13 (3) . |
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Abstract ：
In this study, changes in the surface characteristics of microbial aggregates and their internal mechanisms during Thiothrix-induced sludge bulking were explored in a sequencing batch reactor under low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. During sludge bulking and recovery processes, effects of the characteristics of activated sludge, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and microbial community on sludge settleability were investigated comprehensively. Significant shifts in the microbial community structure of activated sludge were observed with changing conditions. Thiothrix-induced sludge bulking occurred under low DO (0.3-0.5 mg/L). During this stage, sludge volume index deteriorated to 363 mL/g, while the relative abundance of Thiothrix rose from 0.01 % to 12.69%, making it the dominant bacterium. On the contrary, relative abundance of non-filamentous bacteria decreased. Furthermore, non-filamentous bacteria could not adhere to filamentous bacteria, leading to structurally unstable activated sludge flocs. When the DO was increased to 1 mg/L, sludge settling performance recovered and relative abundance of Thiothrix decreased to 1.28 %. From the start of normal operation to sludge bulking stage and then to recovery process, the absolute zeta potential of activated sludge and the repulsive potential barrier of sludge system first increased and then decreased, while relative hydrophobicity showed an opposite trend. Due to excessive Thiothrix proliferation, total EPS content progressively decreased from 44.96 mg/gVSS to 35.27 mg/gVSS, with extracellular protein (PN) content decreasing significantly and extracellular polysaccharide content changing insignificantly. Moreover, PN played a crucial role in bacterial aggregation and was the key factor of activated sludge bulking.
Keyword ：
Microbial community Microbial community Surface characteristics Surface characteristics Thiothrix Thiothrix EPS EPS Sludge bulking Sludge bulking
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Chundi , Zhou, Jiamin , Gao, Yunya et al. Characteristics of microbial communities and extracellular polymeric substances during Thiothrix-induced sludge bulking process [J]. | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING , 2025 , 13 (2) . |
| MLA | Gao, Chundi et al. "Characteristics of microbial communities and extracellular polymeric substances during Thiothrix-induced sludge bulking process" . | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 13 . 2 (2025) . |
| APA | Gao, Chundi , Zhou, Jiamin , Gao, Yunya , Chen, Zhuoni , Hu, Xinyan , Peng, Yongzhen . Characteristics of microbial communities and extracellular polymeric substances during Thiothrix-induced sludge bulking process . | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING , 2025 , 13 (2) . |
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Abstract ：
Slowly biodegradable organic matters play an important role in sewage treatment because of their complex structure and slow degradation. This study compared the sludge floc characteristics and microbial colony growth of different substrate forms, namely particulate (particulate starch) and dissolved (dissolved starch) slowly biodegradable organic matters, in different operational modes of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Results showed that dissolved starch promoted sludge floc granulation and maintained good sedimentation performance during the whole operational period, while particulate starch accumulated extracellular starch in full aerobic operation mode and the total polysaccharide content increased significantly, causing non-filamentous bulking. High-throughput sequencing results confirmed the effects of varying sludge characteristics when supplied with different starch forms, on the functional microbial community. The dominant genus in the particulate starch system was Flavobacterium, promoting the production of polysaccharides in EPS, while the dominant genus in the dissolved starch system was Kouleothrix, which plays an adsorption bridging role in sludge with larger particle sizes and maintains a good sludge sedimentation performance. PICRUSt2 analysis showed that microbes in the particulate starch system exhibited high activity in terms of nitrogen, carbon and amino acid metabolism. Here, we demonstrate a theoretical basis for the use of particulate organic matter in sewage treatment systems, providing a novel perspective on the relationship between the morphology of slowly biodegradable organic matters and sludge bulking.
Keyword ：
Slowly biodegradable organic matters Slowly biodegradable organic matters Microbial Colony Microbial Colony Morphology Morphology Sludge bulking Sludge bulking Sludge floc characteristics Sludge floc characteristics
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Yunya , Gao, Chundi , Zhou, Jiamin et al. Influence of slowly biodegradable organic matter morphology on sludge floc characteristics and microbial colony development [J]. | BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2025 , 219 . |
| MLA | Gao, Yunya et al. "Influence of slowly biodegradable organic matter morphology on sludge floc characteristics and microbial colony development" . | BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 219 (2025) . |
| APA | Gao, Yunya , Gao, Chundi , Zhou, Jiamin , Chen, Zhuoni , Hu, Xinyan , Peng, Yongzhen . Influence of slowly biodegradable organic matter morphology on sludge floc characteristics and microbial colony development . | BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2025 , 219 . |
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Abstract ：
A sequencing batch reactor operated in anoxic/aerobic mode was used to investigate the effects of simultaneous nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) absence in activated sludge. Through controlling the N and P content in the influent water, we investigated changes in sludge concentration, settling performance, morphological structure, surface properties, extracellular polymer content, and microbial community structure and function. When N and P were simultaneously absent, the relative hydrophobicity of the activated sludge and the sludge concentration decreased. The specific oxygen uptake rate also decreased, the activated sludge did not bulk, and the flocs were larger and more concentrated. The content of extracellular polysaccharides did not significantly change. An increase in the concentration of extracellular proteins, particularly loose-binding layer proteins, improved activated sludge aggregation. The structure and function of the activated sludge microbial community changed significantly in the absence of both N and P, with a significant decrease in the relative abundance of species related to N and P metabolism. Tax4Fun analysis showed that the absence of both N and P decreased metabolism and genetic information processing of the microbial community. These results elucidate the effects of simultaneous N and P absence on activated sludge from the perspective of microbial community structure and function. These results will be useful for treatment of N and P deficient wastewater by the activated sludge method.
Keyword ：
Activated sludge Activated sludge Phosphorus Phosphorus Microbial structure Microbial structure Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) Nitrogen Nitrogen Tax4Fun Tax4Fun
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Chundi , Tian, Zinan , Yang, Fan et al. Absence of nitrogen and phosphorus in activated sludge: Impacts on flocculation characteristics and the microbial community [J]. | JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING , 2023 , 54 . |
| MLA | Gao, Chundi et al. "Absence of nitrogen and phosphorus in activated sludge: Impacts on flocculation characteristics and the microbial community" . | JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 54 (2023) . |
| APA | Gao, Chundi , Tian, Zinan , Yang, Fan , Sun, Diyao , Liu, Weilin , Peng, Yongzhen . Absence of nitrogen and phosphorus in activated sludge: Impacts on flocculation characteristics and the microbial community . | JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING , 2023 , 54 . |
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Abstract ：
The long-term effects on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), filamentous bacteria and microorganism community structures in partial nitrification sludge was investigated by adding a pretreatment unit of free nitrous acid (FNA) in the sequence bath reactor (SBR) for three days at 1.2mg HNO2-N/L for 4.5. The results showed that FNA had the short-time effect on AOB, Candidatus_Microthrix and Cytophagaceae of the dominant filamentous bacteria were also decreased from 5.1% and 1.1% to 0.78% and almost invisible. Sludge volume index (SVI) maintained at 110mL/g dropping from 281mL/g, and the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) was kept at around 90%, indicating the partial nitrification was not undermined. Furthermore, High-throughput sequencing results showed that the diversity and uniformity of microorganism community decreased. However, the proliferation of Thauera and Ottowia increased to 5.58% and 7.82%. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) had significant effects, and the total nitrogen removal rate was nevertheless maintained more than 60% even only with partial nitrification. © 2019, Editorial Board of China Environmental Science. All right reserved.
Keyword ：
Bacteria Bacteria Sewage sludge Sewage sludge Nitration Nitration Ammonia Ammonia Nitrogen removal Nitrogen removal Nitrification Nitrification
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Chun-Di , Zhao, Nan , An, Ran et al. Effect of FNA on microorganism community structures of partial nitrification sludge [J]. | China Environmental Science , 2019 , 39 (5) : 1977-1984 . |
| MLA | Gao, Chun-Di et al. "Effect of FNA on microorganism community structures of partial nitrification sludge" . | China Environmental Science 39 . 5 (2019) : 1977-1984 . |
| APA | Gao, Chun-Di , Zhao, Nan , An, Ran , Han, Hui , Zhang, Na , Peng, Yong-Zhen . Effect of FNA on microorganism community structures of partial nitrification sludge . | China Environmental Science , 2019 , 39 (5) , 1977-1984 . |
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Abstract ：
The long-term effects on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), filamentous bacteria and microorganism community structures in partial nitrification sludge was investigated by adding a pretreatment unit of free nitrous acid (FNA) in the sequence bath reactor (SBR) for three days at 1.2mg HNO2-N/L for 4.5. The results showed that FNA had the short-time effect on AOB, Candidatus_Microthrix and Cytophagaceae of the dominant filamentous bacteria were also decreased from 5.1% and 1.1% to 0.78% and almost invisible. Sludge volume index (SVI) maintained at 110mL/g dropping from 281mL/g, and the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) was kept at around 90%, indicating the partial nitrification was not undermined. Furthermore, High-throughput sequencing results showed that the diversity and uniformity of microorganism community decreased. However, the proliferation of Thauera and Ottowia increased to 5.58% and 7.82%. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) had significant effects, and the total nitrogen removal rate was nevertheless maintained more than 60% even only with partial nitrification. © 2019, Editorial Board of China Environmental Science. All right reserved.
Keyword ：
AOB; Filamentous bacteria; Microorganism community structures; Partial nitrification; Sludge bulking; Sludge settleability; SND AOB; Filamentous bacteria; Microorganism community structures; Partial nitrification; Sludge bulking; Sludge settleability; SND
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, C.-D. , Zhao, N. , An, R. et al. Effect of FNA on microorganism community structures of partial nitrification sludge [FNA对短程硝化污泥菌群结构的影响] [J]. | China Environmental Science , 2019 , 39 (5) : 1977-1984 . |
| MLA | Gao, C.-D. et al. "Effect of FNA on microorganism community structures of partial nitrification sludge [FNA对短程硝化污泥菌群结构的影响]" . | China Environmental Science 39 . 5 (2019) : 1977-1984 . |
| APA | Gao, C.-D. , Zhao, N. , An, R. , Han, H. , Zhang, N. , Peng, Y.-Z. . Effect of FNA on microorganism community structures of partial nitrification sludge [FNA对短程硝化污泥菌群结构的影响] . | China Environmental Science , 2019 , 39 (5) , 1977-1984 . |
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Abstract ：
The control strategies of energy saving for filamentous sludge bulking were investigated in the A/O process under low dissolved oxygen (DO) with low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and the dominant filamentous bacteria were identified by using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Initially, the sludge volume index reached nearly 500mL/g and serious bulking occurred when the DO value was 0.5mg/L, with Haliscomenobacter hydrossis as the major filamentous bacteria in the bulking sludge. Later on, the compartment number increased in the aerobic zone, increasing by this way DO, to control serious bulking. Increasing DO to 1mg/L based on the increase of compartment number in the aerobic zone was the favorable controlling method, which solved the sludge loss, improved the effluent quality to the national discharge standard and allowed for energy costs saving. As a result, the effective control method for H. hydrossis filamentous sludge bulking provided the economical, convenient and longstanding method for most municipal wastewater treatment plants treating real low C/N domestic wastewater.
Keyword ：
sludge bulking sludge bulking Haliscomenobacter hydrossis Haliscomenobacter hydrossis dissolved oxygen dissolved oxygen sludge volume index sludge volume index A/O A/O
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| GB/T 7714 | Jiao, Erlong , Gao, Chundi , Li, Renfei et al. Energy saving control strategies for Haliscomenobacter hydrossis filamentous sludge bulking in the A/O process treating real low carbon/nitrogen domestic wastewater [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY , 2018 , 39 (16) : 2117-2127 . |
| MLA | Jiao, Erlong et al. "Energy saving control strategies for Haliscomenobacter hydrossis filamentous sludge bulking in the A/O process treating real low carbon/nitrogen domestic wastewater" . | ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 39 . 16 (2018) : 2117-2127 . |
| APA | Jiao, Erlong , Gao, Chundi , Li, Renfei , Tian, Ye , Peng, Yongzhen . Energy saving control strategies for Haliscomenobacter hydrossis filamentous sludge bulking in the A/O process treating real low carbon/nitrogen domestic wastewater . | ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY , 2018 , 39 (16) , 2117-2127 . |
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Abstract ：
Using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) treating domestic wastewater, quick start of partial nitrification was carried out through the mode of alternating anoxic/oxic. Time of achieved partial nitrification, treatment efficiency and ammonia utilization rate were investigated in different ratio of anoxic/oxic time. The results showed that the ratio of anoxic/oxic time was 1:1 and 2:1, while two systems nitrite accumulation rate raised to 90% after 31 days and 55days respectively, the state of partial nitrification was stable. Besides, ammonia removal efficiency was attained above 95% and the COD effluent concentration was less than 50 mg/L. The total nitrogen removal was enhanced about 20%, and pollutants removal efficiency was increased. Form the complete nitrification to the partial nitrification, ammonia utilization rate increased 67.5% and 89.8% respectively, at the same time, efficiency of the partial nitrification was improved. Meanwhile, sludge had significantly better settling performance, sludge volume index was stable at 60~80 mL/g. ©, 2015, Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences. All right reserved.
Keyword ：
Nitration Nitration Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment Batch reactors Batch reactors Effluents Effluents Sedimentation Sedimentation Efficiency Efficiency Nitrogen removal Nitrogen removal Ammonia Ammonia Wastewater Wastewater Activated sludge process Activated sludge process Nitrification Nitrification
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Chun-Di , Wang, Wei-Xiao , Li, Hao et al. Optimization of efficiency on partial nitrification under the mode of alternating anoxic/oxic in sequencing batch reactor [J]. | China Environmental Science , 2015 , 35 (2) : 403-409 . |
| MLA | Gao, Chun-Di et al. "Optimization of efficiency on partial nitrification under the mode of alternating anoxic/oxic in sequencing batch reactor" . | China Environmental Science 35 . 2 (2015) : 403-409 . |
| APA | Gao, Chun-Di , Wang, Wei-Xiao , Li, Hao , Jiao, Er-Long , Peng, Yong-Zhen . Optimization of efficiency on partial nitrification under the mode of alternating anoxic/oxic in sequencing batch reactor . | China Environmental Science , 2015 , 35 (2) , 403-409 . |
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Abstract ：
The starting conditions of filamentous bulking and the transition to adverse bulking in sewage treatment were investigated in an anoxic/oxic (A/O) process under low dissolved oxygen (DO) with domestic sewage of low carbon/nitrogen ratio. Sludge volume index (SVI) values increased and maintained under 250 mug when the DO value was 0.5 mg/L, basically in line with the characteristics of limited filamentous bulking under low DO. In this period, the average removal rates of COD and total nitrogen (TN) were improved by 2.23% and 7.75%, respectively, compared to the high DO stage. Haliscomenobacter hydrossis were the dominant filamentous bacterium in bulking sludge. The network structure formed by filamentous bacteria played a filtering role such that the concentration of suspended solids (SS) in the effluent was almost 0. However, the SW climbed to nearly 500 ml/g after 70 days and adverse bulking occurred. Compared to the early stage, the removal rates of NH4+-N, COD, and TN decreased in the late stage. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that the main filamentous bacteria leading to bulking were also H .hydrossis.
Keyword ：
H. hydrossis filamentous bacteria H. hydrossis filamentous bacteria A/O A/O low dissolved oxygen (DO) low dissolved oxygen (DO) Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) sludge bulking sludge bulking
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Chun-di , Jiao, Er-long , Li, Hao et al. FILAMENTOUS SLUDGE BULKING IN A/O PROCESS TREATING DOMESTIC SEWAGE OF LOW CARBON/NITROGEN RATIO [J]. | FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN , 2013 , 22 (12A) : 3607-3613 . |
| MLA | Gao, Chun-di et al. "FILAMENTOUS SLUDGE BULKING IN A/O PROCESS TREATING DOMESTIC SEWAGE OF LOW CARBON/NITROGEN RATIO" . | FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN 22 . 12A (2013) : 3607-3613 . |
| APA | Gao, Chun-di , Jiao, Er-long , Li, Hao , Wang, Wei-xiao , Wang, Shu-ying . FILAMENTOUS SLUDGE BULKING IN A/O PROCESS TREATING DOMESTIC SEWAGE OF LOW CARBON/NITROGEN RATIO . | FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN , 2013 , 22 (12A) , 3607-3613 . |
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Abstract ：
By treating real domestic sewage which had low ρ(C)/ρ(N) in A/O process, the nitrogen removal effect was investigated under different parameter conditions without external carbon source, and the better operating parameter was determined. The average removal rates of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN) and COD were 100%, 49.48% and 82.03%, respectively, in this situation. The occurrence and development of viscous sludge bulking in this process were also studied. On this basis, the nitrogen removal effect and further development of viscous sludge bulking were investigated under high ρ(C)/ρ(N) condition by putting external carbon sources into the real domestic sewage, then the system reached the best operating parameter. Finally, average ρ(NH4+-N), ρ(TN) and ρ(COD) in effluent met the national level A emission standard, and SVI was also relatively stable at about 200 mL/g.
Keyword ：
ρ(C)/ρ(N); A/O; Hydraulic retention time (HRT); Organic loadings; Viscous sludge bulking ρ(C)/ρ(N); A/O; Hydraulic retention time (HRT); Organic loadings; Viscous sludge bulking
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, C.-D. , Jiao, E.-L. , Li, H. et al. Viscous sludge bulking during biological nitrogen removal process in A/O [J]. | Journal of Beijing University of Technology , 2013 , 39 (11) : 1727-1733 . |
| MLA | Gao, C.-D. et al. "Viscous sludge bulking during biological nitrogen removal process in A/O" . | Journal of Beijing University of Technology 39 . 11 (2013) : 1727-1733 . |
| APA | Gao, C.-D. , Jiao, E.-L. , Li, H. , Wang, W.-X. , Peng, Y.-Z. . Viscous sludge bulking during biological nitrogen removal process in A/O . | Journal of Beijing University of Technology , 2013 , 39 (11) , 1727-1733 . |
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