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学者姓名：杨海胜
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Abstract ：
Purpose Vertebral fat-water changes are associated with osteoporosis or aging, and usually the changes are assessed with advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. In this study, routine T1- and T2-weighted sequences are employed to introduce novel MRI scores for indicating fat-water-like changes. Methods A retrospective study of 165 females (42 +/- 13 years), and a pilot study of twenty volunteers (60.85 +/- 5.05) examined with MRI, were conducted. Mean signal intensities (SIs) were calculated for 926 vertebrae (L1 - L5). F-score(sc.fat) (for fat) and W-score(cs.fluid) (for water) were defined as the median SI from L1 - L5 over subcutaneous fat (T1WI-control) and cerebrospinal fluid (T2WI-control), respectively. Reliability analysis was conducted to evaluate the consistency of the scores, and Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationships between variables and age. Unpaired t-tests were employed to identify differences between the abnormal and control groups, with significance set at p < 0.05. The distribution of scores was examined using box-and-whisker plots, alongside descriptive statistics for both the scores and associated diseases. Results Moderate-to-strong positive correlations were found between F-score(sc.fat) (r = 0.67, p < 0.05) and W-score(cs.fluid) (r = 0.49, p < 0.05) vs. patient age, compared to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) vs. age (T1WI, r = 0.18; T2WI, r = 0.04). Significantly, higher scores were reported in patients with spine disorders. The F-score(sc.fat) (5.77 and 4.36) and W-score(cs.fluid) (6.67 and 5.13) were found to differentiate between volunteers with and without osteoporosis (defined by the DXA T-score). Conclusion A novel MRI scoring method was introduced indicating fat-water-like changes, utilizing routine sequences. The scores correlated with aging and can distinguish between healthy and diseased spines.
Keyword ：
Fat-water changes Fat-water changes Scoring method Scoring method Spinal disorders Spinal disorders T1-and T2-weighted images T1-and T2-weighted images Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance imaging
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| GB/T 7714 | Din, Rahman Ud , Yang, Haisheng . Novel MRI semiquantitative scores for vertebral fat-water assessment in aging and spinal disorders [J]. | CHINESE JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY , 2025 . |
| MLA | Din, Rahman Ud 等. "Novel MRI semiquantitative scores for vertebral fat-water assessment in aging and spinal disorders" . | CHINESE JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY (2025) . |
| APA | Din, Rahman Ud , Yang, Haisheng . Novel MRI semiquantitative scores for vertebral fat-water assessment in aging and spinal disorders . | CHINESE JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY , 2025 . |
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Abstract ：
Background: Screw loosening remains a serious complication for patients undergoing pedicle screw fixation surgeries. An accurate risk prediction is significant for prevention of screw loosening through preoperative planning. In this study, we proposed a novel index, namely the bone mineral density surrounding the screw thread (thread BMD), and tested its predictability in screw loosening. Methods: 86 screws (18 loosening and 68 non-loosening) from L3-L5 of 20 patients who experienced pedicle screw loosening were analyzed. The preoperative and postoperative quantitative CT scans of the same vertebra were spatially registered and a helix-based approach was developed to extract the thread BMD. BMDs of the vertebral body, the pedicle and the screw trajectory were also measured from the preoperative CT scans. Finite element analysis was conducted to determine pullout strength and tissue failure around the screw. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the performances of all BMD indices and pullout strength in predicting screw loosening. Linear regression was used to examine correlations between different BMD indices and screw pullout strength. Results: The thread BMD had the greatest value of area under the curve (AUC = 0.73, p = 0.004) compared to vertebral BMD (AUC = 0.51, p = 0.923), pedicle BMD (AUC = 0.56, p = 0.474) and trajectory BMD (AUC = 0.67, p = 0.020). Also, the thread BMD showed a stronger correlation with the pullout strength (r = 0.83, p G 0.001) than vertebral BMD (r = 0.59, p G 0.001), pedicle BMD (r = 0.65, p G 0.001) and trajectory BMD (r = 0.60, p G 0.001). Conclusions: We developed a novel approach to measure a newly-defined thread BMD, which indicates superior capacities over other BMD indices in predicting pedicle screw loosening.
Keyword ：
Bone mineral density Bone mineral density Biomechanics Biomechanics Pedicle screw loosening Pedicle screw loosening Finite element analysis Finite element analysis Quantitative computed tomography Quantitative computed tomography
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| GB/T 7714 | Jiang, Yize , Wei, Yi , Liu, Yuxuan et al. Bone mineral density surrounding the screw thread predicts the risk of pedicle screw loosening [J]. | JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS , 2025 , 181 . |
| MLA | Jiang, Yize et al. "Bone mineral density surrounding the screw thread predicts the risk of pedicle screw loosening" . | JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS 181 (2025) . |
| APA | Jiang, Yize , Wei, Yi , Liu, Yuxuan , Yang, Jiaxu , Thou, Kexin , Yang, Haisheng . Bone mineral density surrounding the screw thread predicts the risk of pedicle screw loosening . | JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS , 2025 , 181 . |
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Abstract ：
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) has an exceedingly high prevalence and disability rate, causing a tremendous socioeconomic burden. The prevalence of ONFH is increasing, while the population of the patients with ONFH is becoming younger. Once the femoral head collapses, treatment becomes difficult and often requires a hip joint replacement, which is not favorable for young patients. Therefore, hip joint-preserving treatments at an early stage of ONFH are particularly important. This study provides a comprehensive review on hip-preserving strategies for treating ONFH, including nonoperative treatments (e.g., protective weight bearing, hyperbaric oxygen, pulsed electromagnetic, extracorporeal shockwave, bisphosphonate, anticoagulants, hypolipidemics, vasodilators, and traditional Chinese medicine) and operative treatments (e.g., core decompression, osteotomy, bone grafting, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, tantalum rods, and tissue engineering). Nonoperative treatments aim to slow down the progression of the disease and delay the need for joint replacement; however, they usually cannot effectively prevent the progression of the disease, except in cases of small necrosis areas (<10 %). Additionally, nonoperative treatments have unclear mechanisms that require further investigation. In contrast, operative treatments may stop the negative outcomes of necrosis and therefore appear to be more promising. Currently, an emerging area in operative treatments is regenerative medicine, which could promote the generation of bone tissues and blood vessels and restore hip joint function to pre- necrotic levels as much as possible. This review seeks to not only provide an important reference for clinicians when choosing appropriate strategies for treating ONFH but also offer certain guidance for future basic research in developing ONFH treatments. The translational potential of this article: The incidence of ONFH is increasing, and patients are becoming younger on average. Therefore, the development of hip joint-preserving strategies to treat ONFH at earlier stages is urgently needed, particularly for young patients. However, a comprehensive review is lacking regarding the currently-available hip joint-preserving strategies and their effectiveness. This study is motivated to fill this gap and serve as an important reference for clinicians in choosing appropriate strategies to treat ONFH.
Keyword ：
Tissue engineering Tissue engineering Bone graft Bone graft Core decompression Core decompression Osteonecrosis of the femoral head Osteonecrosis of the femoral head Hip-joint preservation Hip-joint preservation Treatment Treatment
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| GB/T 7714 | Qi, Tanqiu , Yan, Yan , Qi, William et al. Hip joint-preserving strategies for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head: From nonoperative to operative procedures [J]. | JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRANSLATION , 2025 , 51 : 256-277 . |
| MLA | Qi, Tanqiu et al. "Hip joint-preserving strategies for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head: From nonoperative to operative procedures" . | JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRANSLATION 51 (2025) : 256-277 . |
| APA | Qi, Tanqiu , Yan, Yan , Qi, William , Chen, Weiheng , Yang, Haisheng . Hip joint-preserving strategies for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head: From nonoperative to operative procedures . | JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRANSLATION , 2025 , 51 , 256-277 . |
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Abstract ：
Osteoporosis is related to changes in vertebral bone marrow tissues, which can be detected by MRI. A novel MRI scoring method based on routine T1 and T2 sequences has been developed and demonstrated capabilities in detecting osteoporosis and discriminating vertebral fractures. The scoring method may provide an alternative tool other than BMD measurement for broad, opportunistic use in clinics. Purpose As a routinely used radiation-free modality at the spine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is promising to assess osteoporosis because it can detect age- or osteoporosis-related changes in bone marrow tissues. Here, we proposed a new MRI scoring method using the patient's low-back subcutaneous fat and cerebrospinal fluid as reference controls on routine T1 and T2 sequences, respectively, to indicate proton-rich changes in vertebrae for assessing osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. Methods The study included 60 female patients (64.1 +/- 15.9 years) who underwent both MRI and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at spine. T1-based F-score(sc.fat) and T2-based W-score(cs.fluid) were defined as the median signal intensity (SI) from L1 to L5 over their reference controls. QCT-measured vertebral BMD was used for defining osteoporosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of the new scores for osteoporosis and vertebral fractures, which were also compared with L1-L5 signal-to-noise ratio (SNRL1-L5) or SNR-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score. Results The F-score(sc.fat) and W-score(cs.fluid) increased significantly by 25.3% and 22%, respectively, in patients with osteoporosis compared to non-osteoporosis. Age was also found to be significantly different between non-osteoporosis and osteoporosis (49.92 and 74.03 years, p < .001). ROC analysis indicated that F-score(sc.fat) had a greater AUC value (0.85, p < .001) than VBQ score (0.77) and SNRL1-L5 (0.71) when being used to detect osteoporosis. For separating vertebral fractures from non-fractures, F-score(sc.fat) resulted in the largest AUC value of 0.81 (p < .001), compared to W-score(cs.fluid) (0.74), VBQ (0.72), and SNRL1-L5 (0.75). Conclusion A new MRI scoring method based on routine T1 and T2 sequences has been developed and demonstrated improved abilities in detecting osteoporosis and discriminating vertebral fractures over VBQ and SNR.
Keyword ：
Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Vertebral fractures Vertebral fractures Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Quantitative computed tomography Quantitative computed tomography Bone marrow fat Bone marrow fat
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| GB/T 7714 | Din, Rahman Ud , Wang, Ling , Cheng, Xiaoguang et al. Assessment of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures with T1-and T2-weighted MRI scans [J]. | ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS , 2025 , 20 (1) . |
| MLA | Din, Rahman Ud et al. "Assessment of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures with T1-and T2-weighted MRI scans" . | ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS 20 . 1 (2025) . |
| APA | Din, Rahman Ud , Wang, Ling , Cheng, Xiaoguang , Yang, Haisheng . Assessment of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures with T1-and T2-weighted MRI scans . | ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS , 2025 , 20 (1) . |
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Abstract ：
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mass and microstructural degradation of bone tissue due to a derailed bone remodeling process. A deeper understanding of the mechanobiological phenomena that modulate the bone remodeling response to mechanical loading in a healthy bone is crucial to develop treatments. Rodent models have provided invaluable insight into the mechanobiological mechanisms regulating bone adaptation in response to dynamic mechanic stimuli. This study sheds light on these aspects by means of assessing the mechanical environment of the cortical and cancellous tissue to in vivo dynamic compressive loading within the mouse tibia using microCT-based finite element model in combination with diaphyseal strain gauge measures. Additionally, this work describes the relation between the mid-diaphyseal strains and strain gradients from the finite element analysis and bone formation measures from time-lapse in vivo tibial loading with a fluorochrome-derived histomorphometry analysis. The mouse tibial loading model demonstrated that cancellous strains were lower than those in the midshaft cortical bone. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the material property of cortical bone was the most significant model parameter. The computationally-modeled strains and strain gradients correlated significantly to the histologically-measured bone formation thickness at the mid-diaphyseal cross-section of the mouse tibia.
Keyword ：
Histology Histology Mouse tibia Mouse tibia microCT finite element analysis microCT finite element analysis In vivo loading In vivo loading bone adaptation bone adaptation
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| GB/T 7714 | Horasan, Murat , Verner, Kari A. , Yang, Haisheng et al. Computationally derived endosteal strain and strain gradients correlate with increased bone formation in an axially loaded murine tibia model [J]. | JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS , 2024 , 160 . |
| MLA | Horasan, Murat et al. "Computationally derived endosteal strain and strain gradients correlate with increased bone formation in an axially loaded murine tibia model" . | JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS 160 (2024) . |
| APA | Horasan, Murat , Verner, Kari A. , Yang, Haisheng , Main, Russell P. , Nauman, Eric A. . Computationally derived endosteal strain and strain gradients correlate with increased bone formation in an axially loaded murine tibia model . | JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS , 2024 , 160 . |
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Study Design: A prospective study. Purpose: To assess fat-water-like tissue changes on the 1st sacral vertebra using novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantombased F- and W-scores and evaluate their diagnostic performances in osteoporosis detection. Overview of Literature: Using an uncommonly advanced MRI technique, previous studies have found that fat-water changes were consistent with osteoporosis. The role of routine MRI sequences can be extended in this regard. The S1 vertebra is considered a crucial anatomical site in spine surgeries because it seldom suffers from fractures. Thus, S1 could indicate osteoporotic fat-water changes. Methods: Forty-two female volunteers (aged 62.3 +/- 6.3 years) underwent spine examination with both MRI (including a phantom) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) following ethical approval. MRI phantom-based F- and W-score(S1) were defined by normalizing S1 vertebral signal intensities (SIs) by coconut oil and water SIs of the phantom on T1- and T2-weighted imaging, respectively. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the diagnostic performances of the new scores for evaluating osteoporosis and vertebral fractures were investigated against standard areal bone mineral density measured with DXA (DXA-aBMD). Results: The F-score(S1) and W-score(S1) were greater (4.11 and 2.43, respectively) in patients with osteoporosis than those without osteoporosis (3.25 and 1.92, respectively) and achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.82 and 0.76 (p<0.05), respectively, for osteoporosis detection. Similarly, the mean F-score(S1) and W-score(S1) were higher (4.11 and 2.63, respectively) in patients with vertebral fractures than in those without fractures (3.30 and 1.82, respectively) and had greater AUCs (0.90 for W-score(S1) and 0.74 for F-score(S1)) than DXA-aBMD (AUC, 0.26; p<0.03). In addition, the F- and W-score(S1) demonstrated a strong correlation (r=0.65, p<0.001). Conclusions: The new S1 vertebral-based MRI scores were developed to detect osteoporotic changes and demonstrated improvements over DXA-aBMD in differentiating patients with vertebral fractures.
Keyword ：
Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Osteoporotic fracture Osteoporotic fracture Sacral region Sacral region Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Phantom Phantom
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| GB/T 7714 | Din, Rahman Ud , Nishtar, Tahira , Cheng, Xiaoguang et al. Magnetic resonance imaging phantom-based S1 vertebral scores are indicators of fat-water-like osteoporotic changes in postmenopausal women: a pilot study [J]. | ASIAN SPINE JOURNAL , 2024 , 18 (4) : 560-569 . |
| MLA | Din, Rahman Ud et al. "Magnetic resonance imaging phantom-based S1 vertebral scores are indicators of fat-water-like osteoporotic changes in postmenopausal women: a pilot study" . | ASIAN SPINE JOURNAL 18 . 4 (2024) : 560-569 . |
| APA | Din, Rahman Ud , Nishtar, Tahira , Cheng, Xiaoguang , Yang, Haisheng . Magnetic resonance imaging phantom-based S1 vertebral scores are indicators of fat-water-like osteoporotic changes in postmenopausal women: a pilot study . | ASIAN SPINE JOURNAL , 2024 , 18 (4) , 560-569 . |
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Abstract ：
Screw loosening remains a prominent problem for osteoporotic patients undergoing pedicle screw fixation surgeries and is affected by screw parameters (e.g., diameter, pitch, and thread angle). However, the individual and interactive effects of these parameters on screw fixation are not fully understood. Furthermore, the current finite element modeling of a threaded screw is less computationally efficient. To address these issues, we (1) explored a novel "simulated threaded screw" approach (virtual threads assigned to the contact elements of a simplified screw) and compared its performance with threaded and simplified screws, and (2) examined this approach the individual and interactive effects of altering screw diameter (5.5-6.5 mm), pitch (1-2 mm) and half-thread angle (20-30 deg) on pullout strength of normal vertebrae. Results demonstrated that the "simulated threaded screw" approach equivalently predicted pullout strength compared to the "threaded screw" approach (R-2 = 0.99, slope = 1). We further found that the pullout strength was most sensitive to the change in screw diameter, followed by thread angle, pitch, and interactions of diameter*pitch or diameter*angle. In conclusion, the "simulated threaded screw" approach can achieve the same predictive capability compared to threaded modeling of the screw. The current findings may serve as useful references for planning of screw parameters, so as to improve the complication of screw loosening.
Keyword ：
finite element finite element screw loosening screw loosening screw parameters screw parameters analysis analysis spine vertebrae spine vertebrae simulated threaded screw simulated threaded screw pedicle screw pedicle screw
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| GB/T 7714 | Song, Fei , Feng, Wentian , Yang, Dongyue et al. A Novel Screw Modeling Approach to Study the Effects of Screw Parameters on Pullout Strength [J]. | JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME , 2023 , 145 (1) . |
| MLA | Song, Fei et al. "A Novel Screw Modeling Approach to Study the Effects of Screw Parameters on Pullout Strength" . | JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 145 . 1 (2023) . |
| APA | Song, Fei , Feng, Wentian , Yang, Dongyue , Li, Guanghui , Iqbal, Kamran , Liu, Yuxuan et al. A Novel Screw Modeling Approach to Study the Effects of Screw Parameters on Pullout Strength . | JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME , 2023 , 145 (1) . |
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Abstract ：
Following primary fractures and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), patients have a high risk of incurring a sub-sequent vertebral fracture (SVF). Given that SVF is a consequence of mechanical deterioration of the vertebra, we sought to examine whether vertebral strength derived from QCT-based finite element analysis (i.e., BCT) can predict the risk of SVF. Sixty-six patients who underwent PKP were categorized into two groups: control or non-SVF group (age: 70 +/- 7 years; n = 40) and SVF group (age: 69 +/- 8 years; n = 26). BCT was performed on L4 or L3 vertebrae to noninvasively measure vertebral strength. Vertebral strength was also estimated based upon the geometry and material properties of the vertebra. Additionally, trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and L1 Hounsfield unit (HU) were measured. t-Test, chi 2 test or Mann Whitney U test were used to compare differences in these parameters between the two groups. The predictive abilities of BCT strength and other measured parameters were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results showed no significant difference in either vBMD or L1 HU between the control and SVF groups (p > 0.05), whereas BCT-computed and estimated vertebral strength values were significantly reduced by 33 % and 24 % for the SVF group relative to the non-SVF group, respectively. ROC curve indicated that BCT strength had the largest area under the curve, compared to other parameters. These results suggest that BCT-computed vertebral strength may serve as a surrogate for assessing risk of SVF.
Keyword ：
Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Subsequent vertebral fracture Subsequent vertebral fracture Bone strength Bone strength Finite element analysis Finite element analysis Quantitative computed tomography Quantitative computed tomography
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| GB/T 7714 | Song, Fei , Wei, Yi , Feng, Wentian et al. Biomechanical CT-computed bone strength predicts the risk of subsequent vertebral fracture [J]. | BONE , 2023 , 166 . |
| MLA | Song, Fei et al. "Biomechanical CT-computed bone strength predicts the risk of subsequent vertebral fracture" . | BONE 166 (2023) . |
| APA | Song, Fei , Wei, Yi , Feng, Wentian , Fu, Ruisen , Li, Zuchang , Gao, Xing et al. Biomechanical CT-computed bone strength predicts the risk of subsequent vertebral fracture . | BONE , 2023 , 166 . |
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| GB/T 7714 | Ud Din, Rahman , Yang, Haisheng . Editorial for "Comparing CT-Like Images Based on Ultra-Short Echo Time and Gradient Echo T1-Weighted MRI Sequences for the Assessment of Vertebral Disorders Using Histology and True CT as the Reference Standard" [J]. | JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING , 2023 , 59 (5) : 1553-1554 . |
| MLA | Ud Din, Rahman et al. "Editorial for "Comparing CT-Like Images Based on Ultra-Short Echo Time and Gradient Echo T1-Weighted MRI Sequences for the Assessment of Vertebral Disorders Using Histology and True CT as the Reference Standard"" . | JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 59 . 5 (2023) : 1553-1554 . |
| APA | Ud Din, Rahman , Yang, Haisheng . Editorial for "Comparing CT-Like Images Based on Ultra-Short Echo Time and Gradient Echo T1-Weighted MRI Sequences for the Assessment of Vertebral Disorders Using Histology and True CT as the Reference Standard" . | JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING , 2023 , 59 (5) , 1553-1554 . |
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Abstract ：
Traditional inert materials used in internal fixation have caused many complications and generally require removal with secondary surgeries. Biodegradable materials, such as magnesium (Mg)-, iron (Fe)- and zinc (Zn)-based alloys, open up a new pathway to address those issues. During the last decades, Mg-based alloys have attracted much attention by researchers. However, the issues with an over-fast degradation rate and release of hydrogen still need to be overcome. Zn alloys have comparable mechanical properties with traditional metal materials, e.g., titanium (Ti), and have a moderate degradation rate, potentially serving as a good candidate for internal fixation materials, especially at load-bearing sites of the skeleton. Emerging Zn-based alloys and composites have been developed in recent years and in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to explore their biodegradability, mechanical property, and biocompatibility in order to move towards the ultimate goal of clinical application in fracture fixation. This article seeks to offer a review of related research progress on Zn-based biodegradable materials, which may provide a useful reference for future studies on Zn-based biodegradable materials targeting applications in orthopedic internal fixation.
Keyword ：
mechanical property mechanical property orthopedic implant orthopedic implant biodegradability biodegradability biocompatibility biocompatibility Zinc-based biodegradable materials Zinc-based biodegradable materials
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Yang , Du, Tianming , Qiao, Aike et al. Zinc-Based Biodegradable Materials for Orthopaedic Internal Fixation [J]. | JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS , 2022 , 13 (4) . |
| MLA | Liu, Yang et al. "Zinc-Based Biodegradable Materials for Orthopaedic Internal Fixation" . | JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS 13 . 4 (2022) . |
| APA | Liu, Yang , Du, Tianming , Qiao, Aike , Mu, Yongliang , Yang, Haisheng . Zinc-Based Biodegradable Materials for Orthopaedic Internal Fixation . | JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS , 2022 , 13 (4) . |
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