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李建强

教授
博士生导师

计算机学院

李建强，教授，博士生导师。 于北京理工大学机械系获学士学位。 于清华大学自动化系, 硕博连读, 获硕士，博士学位。 2004-2005 在爱尔兰国立大学数字化企业研究所（DERI）任高级研究助理。 2005-2013 在NEC中国研究院工作，先后担任副研究员、研究员和高级研究员。 2009-2010 作为访问学者在斯坦福大学计算机系InfoLab实验室工作。 2010年 在NEC中国研究院创建大规模语义计算研究组。 2013年12月 加入北京工业大学软件学院。 研究方向：企业信息系统 数据中心优化 数据挖掘 隐私保护 大数据分析和云计算。

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An Encrypted Speech Integrity Authentication Method: Focus on Fine-Grained Tampering Detection and Tampering Recovery Under High Tamper Ratios SCIE
期刊论文 | 2025 , 13 (4) | MATHEMATICS
Xu, Fujiu | Li, Jianqiang | Xu, Xi
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Abstract ：

With the increasing amount of cloud-based speech files, the privacy protection of speech files faces significant challenges. Therefore, integrity authentication of speech files is crucial, and there are two pivotal problems: (1) how to achieve fine-grained and highly accurate tampering detection and (2) how to perform high-quality tampering recovery under high tampering ratios. Tampering detection methods and tampering recovery methods of existing speech integrity authentication are mutually balanced, and most tampering recovery methods are carried out under ideal tampering conditions. This paper proposes an encrypted speech integrity authentication method that can simultaneously address both of problems, and its main contributions are as follows: (1) A 2-least significant bit (2-LSB)-based dual fragile watermarking method is proposed to improve tampering detection performance. This method constructs correlations between encrypted speech sampling points by 2-LSB-based fragile watermarking embedding method and achieves low-error tampering detection of tampered sampling points based on four types of fragile watermarkings. (2) A speech self-recovery model based on residual recovery-based linear interpolation (R2-Lerp) is proposed to achieve tampering recovery under high tampering ratios. This method constructs the model based on the correlation between tampered sampling points and their surrounding sampling points and refines the scenarios of the model according to the tampering situation of the sampling points, with experimental results showing that the recovered speech exhibits improved auditory quality and intelligibility. (3) A scrambling encryption algorithm based on the Lorenz mapping is proposed as the speech encryption method. This method scrambles the speech sampling points several times through 4-dimensional chaotic sequence, with experimental results showing that this method not only ensures security but also slightly improves the effect of tampering recovery.

Keyword ：

tamper recovery tamper recovery least significant bit least significant bit tamper detection tamper detection residual recovery-based linear interpolation residual recovery-based linear interpolation encrypted speech integrity authentication encrypted speech integrity authentication

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GB/T 7714 Xu, Fujiu , Li, Jianqiang , Xu, Xi . An Encrypted Speech Integrity Authentication Method: Focus on Fine-Grained Tampering Detection and Tampering Recovery Under High Tamper Ratios [J]. | MATHEMATICS , 2025 , 13 (4) .
MLA Xu, Fujiu 等. "An Encrypted Speech Integrity Authentication Method: Focus on Fine-Grained Tampering Detection and Tampering Recovery Under High Tamper Ratios" . | MATHEMATICS 13 . 4 (2025) .
APA Xu, Fujiu , Li, Jianqiang , Xu, Xi . An Encrypted Speech Integrity Authentication Method: Focus on Fine-Grained Tampering Detection and Tampering Recovery Under High Tamper Ratios . | MATHEMATICS , 2025 , 13 (4) .
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Evaluation Method of Motor Coordination Ability in Children Based on Machine Vision SCIE
期刊论文 | 2025 , 30 (2) , 633-649 | TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Lei, Yi | Shu, Dawei | Yu, Miao | Shi, Donglin | Li, Jianqiang | Chen, Yanjie Unfold
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Abstract ：

Motor coordination is crucial for preschoolers' development and is a key factor in assessing childhood development. Current diagnostic methods often rely on subjective manual assessments. This paper presents a machine vision-based approach aimed at improving the objectivity and adaptability of assessments. The method proposed involves the extraction of key points from the human skeleton through the utilization of a lightweight pose estimation network, thereby transforming video assessments into evaluations of keypoint sequences. The study uses different methods to handle static and dynamic actions, including regularization and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) for spatial alignment and temporal discrepancies. A penalty-adjusted single-frame pose similarity method is used to evaluate actions. The lightweight pose estimation model reduces parameters by 85%, uses only 6.6% of the original computational load, and has an average detection missing rate of less than 1%. The average error for static actions is 0.071 with a correlation coefficient of 0.766, and for dynamic actions it is 0.145 with a correlation coefficient of 0.653. These results confirm the proposed method's effectiveness, which includes customized visual components like motion waveform graphs to improve accuracy in pediatric healthcare diagnoses.

Keyword ：

Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficient Motor coordination Motor coordination decision support system decision support system Pose estimation Pose estimation Visualization Visualization dynamic time warping dynamic time warping Skeleton Skeleton Manuals Manuals developmental coordination disorder developmental coordination disorder Accuracy Accuracy Machine vision Machine vision action quality assessment action quality assessment Pediatrics Pediatrics Reliability Reliability pose estimation pose estimation

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GB/T 7714 Lei, Yi , Shu, Dawei , Yu, Miao et al. Evaluation Method of Motor Coordination Ability in Children Based on Machine Vision [J]. | TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 30 (2) : 633-649 .
MLA Lei, Yi et al. "Evaluation Method of Motor Coordination Ability in Children Based on Machine Vision" . | TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 30 . 2 (2025) : 633-649 .
APA Lei, Yi , Shu, Dawei , Yu, Miao , Shi, Donglin , Li, Jianqiang , Chen, Yanjie . Evaluation Method of Motor Coordination Ability in Children Based on Machine Vision . | TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 30 (2) , 633-649 .
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Deep Transfer Learning-Based Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Retinal Fundus Images in Remote Areas SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 17 (1) | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
Jabbar, Ayesha | Naseem, Shahid | Li, Jianqiang | Mahmood, Tariq | Jabbar, Kashif | Rehman, Amjad | Saba, Tanzila Unfold
WoS CC Cited Count： 2
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Abstract ：

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) significantly burdens ophthalmic healthcare due to its wide prevalence and high diagnostic costs. Especially in remote areas with limited medical access, undetected DR cases are on the rise. Our study introduces an advanced deep transfer learning-based system for real-time DR detection using fundus cameras to address this. This research aims to develop an efficient and timely assistance system for DR patients, empowering them to manage their health better. The proposed system leverages fundus imaging to collect retinal images, which are then transmitted to the processing unit for effective disease severity detection and classification. Comprehensive reports guide subsequent medical actions based on the identified stage. The proposed system achieves real-time DR detection by utilizing deep transfer learning algorithms, specifically VGGNet. The system's performance is rigorously evaluated, comparing its classification accuracy to previous research outcomes. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed system, achieving an impressive 97.6% classification accuracy during the detection phase, surpassing the performance of existing approaches. Implementing the automated system in remote areas has transformed healthcare dynamics, enabling early, cost-effective DR diagnosis for millions. The system also streamlines patient prioritization, facilitating timely interventions for early-stage DR cases.

Keyword ：

Morphology Morphology Retinal fundus Retinal fundus Retinopathy Retinopathy Micro-aneurysms Micro-aneurysms Hemorrhage Hemorrhage Diabetes Diabetes Health issues Health issues

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GB/T 7714 Jabbar, Ayesha , Naseem, Shahid , Li, Jianqiang et al. Deep Transfer Learning-Based Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Retinal Fundus Images in Remote Areas [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS , 2024 , 17 (1) .
MLA Jabbar, Ayesha et al. "Deep Transfer Learning-Based Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Retinal Fundus Images in Remote Areas" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS 17 . 1 (2024) .
APA Jabbar, Ayesha , Naseem, Shahid , Li, Jianqiang , Mahmood, Tariq , Jabbar, Kashif , Rehman, Amjad et al. Deep Transfer Learning-Based Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Retinal Fundus Images in Remote Areas . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS , 2024 , 17 (1) .
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A Comprehensive Review on Synergy of Multi-Modal Data and AI Technologies in Medical Diagnosis SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 11 (3) | BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
Xu, Xi | Li, Jianqiang | Zhu, Zhichao | Zhao, Linna | Wang, Huina | Song, Changwei | Chen, Yining | Zhao, Qing | Yang, Jijiang | Pei, Yan Unfold
WoS CC Cited Count： 17
Article has an altmetric score of 1
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Abstract ：

Disease diagnosis represents a critical and arduous endeavor within the medical field. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, spanning from machine learning and deep learning to large model paradigms, stand poised to significantly augment physicians in rendering more evidence-based decisions, thus presenting a pioneering solution for clinical practice. Traditionally, the amalgamation of diverse medical data modalities (e.g., image, text, speech, genetic data, physiological signals) is imperative to facilitate a comprehensive disease analysis, a topic of burgeoning interest among both researchers and clinicians in recent times. Hence, there exists a pressing need to synthesize the latest strides in multi-modal data and AI technologies in the realm of medical diagnosis. In this paper, we narrow our focus to five specific disorders (Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, depression, heart disease, epilepsy), elucidating advanced endeavors in their diagnosis and treatment through the lens of artificial intelligence. Our survey not only delineates detailed diagnostic methodologies across varying modalities but also underscores commonly utilized public datasets, the intricacies of feature engineering, prevalent classification models, and envisaged challenges for future endeavors. In essence, our research endeavors to contribute to the advancement of diagnostic methodologies, furnishing invaluable insights for clinical decision making.

Keyword ：

disease diagnosis disease diagnosis artificial intelligence artificial intelligence multi-modal data multi-modal data machine learning machine learning deep learning deep learning large model large model

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GB/T 7714 Xu, Xi , Li, Jianqiang , Zhu, Zhichao et al. A Comprehensive Review on Synergy of Multi-Modal Data and AI Technologies in Medical Diagnosis [J]. | BIOENGINEERING-BASEL , 2024 , 11 (3) .
MLA Xu, Xi et al. "A Comprehensive Review on Synergy of Multi-Modal Data and AI Technologies in Medical Diagnosis" . | BIOENGINEERING-BASEL 11 . 3 (2024) .
APA Xu, Xi , Li, Jianqiang , Zhu, Zhichao , Zhao, Linna , Wang, Huina , Song, Changwei et al. A Comprehensive Review on Synergy of Multi-Modal Data and AI Technologies in Medical Diagnosis . | BIOENGINEERING-BASEL , 2024 , 11 (3) .
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RESwinT: enhanced pollen image classification with parallel window transformer and coordinate attention SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 | VISUAL COMPUTER
Zu, Baokai | Cao, Tong | Li, Yafang | Li, Jianqiang | Wang, Hongyuan | Wang, Quanzeng Unfold
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Abstract ：

Pollen image classification is crucial for understanding allergic reactions and environmental impacts. In this study, we propose RESwinT, an enhanced deep learning model specifically designed for pollen image classification. RESwinT incorporates a parallel window transformer block with contextual information aggregation to expand the receptive field and facilitate information exchange between image patches. Additionally, a coordinate attention module is integrated to emphasize channel-specific features, improving the model's focus on salient pollen characteristics. Experiments conducted on a locally developed dataset of eight allergenic pollen types from Beijing, China, demonstrate that RESwinT achieves state-of-the-art performance, with an F1-score of 0.985 and an accuracy of 98.58%, surpassing existing CNN and transformer-based methods. These results highlight the effectiveness of RESwinT in pollen image classification and its potential for wider applications in environmental monitoring and healthcare.

Keyword ：

Parallel window transformer block Parallel window transformer block Pollen images classification Pollen images classification Coordinate attention Coordinate attention Swin transformer Swin transformer

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GB/T 7714 Zu, Baokai , Cao, Tong , Li, Yafang et al. RESwinT: enhanced pollen image classification with parallel window transformer and coordinate attention [J]. | VISUAL COMPUTER , 2024 .
MLA Zu, Baokai et al. "RESwinT: enhanced pollen image classification with parallel window transformer and coordinate attention" . | VISUAL COMPUTER (2024) .
APA Zu, Baokai , Cao, Tong , Li, Yafang , Li, Jianqiang , Wang, Hongyuan , Wang, Quanzeng . RESwinT: enhanced pollen image classification with parallel window transformer and coordinate attention . | VISUAL COMPUTER , 2024 .
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Automatic diagnosis of pediatric high myopia via Attention-based Patch Residual Shrinkage network SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 255 | EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
Peng, Haoran | Li, Jianqiang | Cheng, Wenxiu | Zhao, Linna | Guan, Yu | Li, Zhaosheng | Li, Li | Xu, Xi Unfold
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Abstract ：

Fundus images can be obtained non-invasively and be adopted to monitor the follow-up on various fundus diseases, such as high myopia. Therefore, the use of fundus images for the early screening of eye diseases has principal clinical significance. However, AI-based medical research continues to face two main challenges, lack of prior-knowledge guidance and complex fundus information. In this paper, we propose a pediatric high myopia classification model, the Attention-based Patch Residual Shrinkage network (APRSnet), which facilitates early clinical diagnosis by evaluating the importance of different image features. A collection of 2492 high-resolution fundus images of children, including 768 images of high myopia and 1724 images of non-high myopia, is fed to APRSnet as the training dataset. To better understand how different features impact the classification, APRSnet is tested on multiple feature-enhanced fusion datasets. The result shows that, by removing irrelevant information in fundus images, APRSnet achieves an accuracy of 0.959 and an F1 score of 0.946 and outperforms all classic image classification networks we compared with. We also testify that, in fundus images, gradient information benefits severity classification the most since it helps with model convergence more than luminance and texture information.

Keyword ：

Deep learning Deep learning Computer-aided diagnosis Computer-aided diagnosis Fundus images Fundus images Pediatric high myopia Pediatric high myopia

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GB/T 7714 Peng, Haoran , Li, Jianqiang , Cheng, Wenxiu et al. Automatic diagnosis of pediatric high myopia via Attention-based Patch Residual Shrinkage network [J]. | EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS , 2024 , 255 .
MLA Peng, Haoran et al. "Automatic diagnosis of pediatric high myopia via Attention-based Patch Residual Shrinkage network" . | EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 255 (2024) .
APA Peng, Haoran , Li, Jianqiang , Cheng, Wenxiu , Zhao, Linna , Guan, Yu , Li, Zhaosheng et al. Automatic diagnosis of pediatric high myopia via Attention-based Patch Residual Shrinkage network . | EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS , 2024 , 255 .
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On the Analyses of Medical Images Using Traditional Machine Learning Techniques and Convolutional Neural Networks SCIE
期刊论文 | 2023 , 30 (5) , 3173-3233 | ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
Iqbal, Saeed | Qureshi, Adnan N. | Li, Jianqiang | Mahmood, Tariq Unfold
WoS CC Cited Count： 47
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Abstract ：

Convolutional neural network (CNN) has shown dissuasive accomplishment on different areas especially Object Detection, Segmentation, Reconstruction (2D and 3D), Information Retrieval, Medical Image Registration, Multi-lingual translation, Local language Processing, Anomaly Detection on video and Speech Recognition. CNN is a special type of Neural Network, which has compelling and effective learning ability to learn features at several steps during augmentation of the data. Recently, different interesting and inspiring ideas of Deep Learning (DL) such as different activation functions, hyperparameter optimization, regularization, momentum and loss functions has improved the performance, operation and execution of CNN Different internal architecture innovation of CNN and different representational style of CNN has significantly improved the performance. This survey focuses on internal taxonomy of deep learning, different models of vonvolutional neural network, especially depth and width of models and in addition CNN components, applications and current challenges of deep learning.

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GB/T 7714 Iqbal, Saeed , Qureshi, Adnan N. , Li, Jianqiang et al. On the Analyses of Medical Images Using Traditional Machine Learning Techniques and Convolutional Neural Networks [J]. | ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING , 2023 , 30 (5) : 3173-3233 .
MLA Iqbal, Saeed et al. "On the Analyses of Medical Images Using Traditional Machine Learning Techniques and Convolutional Neural Networks" . | ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING 30 . 5 (2023) : 3173-3233 .
APA Iqbal, Saeed , Qureshi, Adnan N. , Li, Jianqiang , Mahmood, Tariq . On the Analyses of Medical Images Using Traditional Machine Learning Techniques and Convolutional Neural Networks . | ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING , 2023 , 30 (5) , 3173-3233 .
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Cascaded Convolution-Based Transformer With Densely Connected Mechanism for Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification SCIE
期刊论文 | 2023 , 61 | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
Zu, Baokai | Li, Yafang | Li, Jianqiang | He, Ziping | Wang, Hongyuan | Wu, Panpan Unfold
WoS CC Cited Count： 12
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Abstract ：

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification attempts to classify each pixel, which is an important means of obtaining land-cover knowledge. HSIs are cubic data with spectral-spatial knowledge and can generally be considered as sequential data alongside spectral dimension. Unlike convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which mainly focus on local relationship models in images, transformers have been shown to be a powerful structure for qualifying sequence data. However, it lacks the excellent ability of CNNs in establishing local relationships in images and cannot perform good generalization in the case of insufficient data. In addition, the gradient disappearance problem hinders the convergence stability of deep learning networks as the layers get deeper. To address these problems, we propose a Cascaded Convolution-based Transformer with Densely Connected Mechanism (CDCformer) for HSI classification. First, we propose a cascaded convolution feature tokenization to extract spectral-spatial information, which will introduce some inductive bias properties of CNN into the transformer. In addition, we design a simple and effective densely connected transformer to enhance feature propagation and transfer memorable information from shallow to deep layers. It efficiently improves the performance of the transformer and extracts more discriminative spectral-spatial features from the HSI. Extensive experimental evaluation of three public hyperspectral datasets shows that CDCformer achieves competitive classification results.

Keyword ：

Data mining Data mining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) Convolution Convolution transformer transformer Hyperspectral imaging Hyperspectral imaging Transformers Transformers Tokenization Tokenization Convolutional neural networks Convolutional neural networks hyperspectral image (HSI) classification hyperspectral image (HSI) classification Feature extraction Feature extraction Cascaded convolution feature tokenization (CCFT) Cascaded convolution feature tokenization (CCFT) densely connected mechanism (DCM) densely connected mechanism (DCM) deep learning deep learning

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GB/T 7714 Zu, Baokai , Li, Yafang , Li, Jianqiang et al. Cascaded Convolution-Based Transformer With Densely Connected Mechanism for Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification [J]. | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING , 2023 , 61 .
MLA Zu, Baokai et al. "Cascaded Convolution-Based Transformer With Densely Connected Mechanism for Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification" . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING 61 (2023) .
APA Zu, Baokai , Li, Yafang , Li, Jianqiang , He, Ziping , Wang, Hongyuan , Wu, Panpan . Cascaded Convolution-Based Transformer With Densely Connected Mechanism for Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING , 2023 , 61 .
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Smart cities: the role of Internet of Things and machine learning in realizing a data-centric smart environment SCIE
期刊论文 | 2023 , 10 (1) , 1607-1637 | COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
Ullah, Amin | Anwar, Syed Myhammad | Li, Jianqiang | Nadeem, Lubna | Mahmood, Tariq | Rehman, Amjad | Saba, Tanzila Unfold
WoS CC Cited Count： 58
Article has an altmetric score of 2
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Abstract ：

This paper explores the concept of smart cities and the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) in realizing a data-centric smart environment. Smart cities leverage technology and data to improve the quality of life for citizens and enhance the efficiency of urban services. IoT and machine learning have emerged as key technologies for enabling smart city solutions that rely on large-scale data collection, analysis, and decision-making. This paper presents an overview of smart cities' various applications and discusses the challenges associated with implementing IoT and machine learning in urban environments. The paper also compares different case studies of successful smart city implementations utilizing IoT and machine learning technologies. The findings suggest that these technologies have the potential to transform urban environments and enable the creation of more livable, sustainable, and efficient cities. However, significant challenges remain regarding data privacy, security, and ethical considerations, which must be addressed to realize the full potential of smart cities.

Keyword ：

Data acquisition technology Data acquisition technology Wireless and mobile networking Wireless and mobile networking Deep learning Deep learning Internet of Things (IoT) Internet of Things (IoT) Applications of smart cities Applications of smart cities Smart cities Smart cities

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GB/T 7714 Ullah, Amin , Anwar, Syed Myhammad , Li, Jianqiang et al. Smart cities: the role of Internet of Things and machine learning in realizing a data-centric smart environment [J]. | COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS , 2023 , 10 (1) : 1607-1637 .
MLA Ullah, Amin et al. "Smart cities: the role of Internet of Things and machine learning in realizing a data-centric smart environment" . | COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 10 . 1 (2023) : 1607-1637 .
APA Ullah, Amin , Anwar, Syed Myhammad , Li, Jianqiang , Nadeem, Lubna , Mahmood, Tariq , Rehman, Amjad et al. Smart cities: the role of Internet of Things and machine learning in realizing a data-centric smart environment . | COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS , 2023 , 10 (1) , 1607-1637 .
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Fine-Grained Individual Air Quality Index (IAQI) Prediction Based on Spatial-Temporal Causal Convolution Network: A Case Study of Shanghai SCIE
期刊论文 | 2022 , 13 (6) | ATMOSPHERE
Liu, Xiliang | Zhao, Junjie | Lin, Shaofu | Li, Jianqiang | Wang, Shaohua | Zhang, Yumin | Gao, Yuyao | Chai, Jinchuan Unfold
WoS CC Cited Count： 2
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Abstract ：

Accurate and fine-grained individual air quality index (IAQI) prediction is the basis of air quality index (AQI), which is of great significance for air quality control and human health. Traditional approaches, such as time series, recurrent neural network or graph convolutional network, cannot effectively integrate spatial-temporal and meteorological factors and manage the dynamic edge relationship among scattered monitoring stations. In this paper, a ST-CCN-IAQI model is proposed based on spatial-temporal causal convolution networks. Both the spatial effects of multi-source air pollutants and meteorological factors were considered via spatial attention mechanism. Time-dependent features in the causal convolution network were extracted by stacked dilated convolution and time attention. All the hyper-parameters in ST-CCN-IAQI were tuned by Bayesian optimization. Shanghai air monitoring station data were employed with a series of baselines (AR, MA, ARMA, ANN, SVR, GRU, LSTM and ST-GCN). Final results showed that: (1) For a single station, the RMSE and MAE values of ST-CCN-IAQI were 9.873 and 7.469, decreasing by 24.95% and 16.87% on average, respectively. R-2 was 0.917, with an average 5.69% improvement; (2) For all nine stations, the mean RMSE and MAE of ST-CCN-IAQI were 9.849 and 7.527, respectively, and the R-2 value was 0.906. (3) Shapley analysis showed PM10, humidity and NO2 were the most influencing factors in ST-CCN-IAQI. The Friedman test, under different resampling, further confirmed the advantage of ST-CCN-IAQI. The ST-CCN-IAQI provides a promising direction for fine-grained IAQI prediction.

Keyword ：

causal convolution network causal convolution network individual air quality index prediction individual air quality index prediction Shapley analysis Shapley analysis multi-source factors multi-source factors Bayesian optimization Bayesian optimization

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GB/T 7714 Liu, Xiliang , Zhao, Junjie , Lin, Shaofu et al. Fine-Grained Individual Air Quality Index (IAQI) Prediction Based on Spatial-Temporal Causal Convolution Network: A Case Study of Shanghai [J]. | ATMOSPHERE , 2022 , 13 (6) .
MLA Liu, Xiliang et al. "Fine-Grained Individual Air Quality Index (IAQI) Prediction Based on Spatial-Temporal Causal Convolution Network: A Case Study of Shanghai" . | ATMOSPHERE 13 . 6 (2022) .
APA Liu, Xiliang , Zhao, Junjie , Lin, Shaofu , Li, Jianqiang , Wang, Shaohua , Zhang, Yumin et al. Fine-Grained Individual Air Quality Index (IAQI) Prediction Based on Spatial-Temporal Causal Convolution Network: A Case Study of Shanghai . | ATMOSPHERE , 2022 , 13 (6) .
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