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学者姓名：纪常伟
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Abstract ：
Typical usage scenarios for energy storage and electric vehicles (EVs) require lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to operate under extreme conditions, including varying temperatures, high charge/discharge rates, and various depths of charge and discharge, while also fulfilling vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction requirements. This study empirically investigates the impact of ambient temperature, charge/discharge rate, and charge/discharge cut-off voltage on the capacity degradation rate and internal resistance growth of 18,650 commercial LIBs. The charge/discharge rate was found to have the most significant influence on these parameters, particularly the charging rate. These insights contribute to a better understanding of the risks associated with low-temperature aging and can aid in the prevention or mitigation of safety incidents.
Keyword ：
rate rate cut-off voltage cut-off voltage degradation characteristics degradation characteristics low temperature low temperature lithium-ion battery lithium-ion battery aging aging
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Zhizu , Ji, Changwei , Liu, Yangyi et al. Effect of Aging Path on Degradation Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Low-Temperature Environments [J]. | BATTERIES-BASEL , 2024 , 10 (3) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Zhizu et al. "Effect of Aging Path on Degradation Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Low-Temperature Environments" . | BATTERIES-BASEL 10 . 3 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Zhizu , Ji, Changwei , Liu, Yangyi , Wang, Yanan , Wang, Bing , Liu, Dianqing . Effect of Aging Path on Degradation Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Low-Temperature Environments . | BATTERIES-BASEL , 2024 , 10 (3) . |
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Abstract ：
Ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) mixture are expected to replace traditional fossil fuels in the transportation industry to achieve zero-carbon emissions. Adopting turbulent jet ignition (TJI) is a reliable way to enhance the ignition and combustion of NH 3 /H 2 . The present study aims to explore the effects of initial pressure and temperature on the ignition and combustion characteristics of NH 3 /H 2 ignited by TJI. It can be found that the increased initial pressure reduces the jet velocity. Due to the joint effect of weakened turbulence and inherent flame propagation characteristics caused by the elevated pressure, the combustion duration is extended. However, the ignition performance can be enhanced by increasing the initial pressure. Improvement is reflected in the emergence of flame ignition mechanisms and the obvious radial propagation of jet flames in early development. The increase in initial temperature slightly increases the peak jet velocity, while the auxiliary H 2 in active mode will reduce the sensitivity of jet velocity to the initial temperature. Although the increased initial temperature has shown the promotion for achieving rapid ignition and combustion, there is no significant improvement in the ignition mechanism, the ignition is caused by accumulated heat and radicals provided by the reacted jet.
Keyword ：
Initial pressure and temperature Initial pressure and temperature Ammonia Ammonia Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Hydrogen Hydrogen Combustion characteristics Combustion characteristics
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Du et al. Effects of initial pressure and temperature on the ignition and combustion characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen/air adopting turbulent jet ignition [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 78 : 1382-1390 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "Effects of initial pressure and temperature on the ignition and combustion characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen/air adopting turbulent jet ignition" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 78 (2024) : 1382-1390 . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Du , Wang, Huaiyu , Yang, Haowen , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Effects of initial pressure and temperature on the ignition and combustion characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen/air adopting turbulent jet ignition . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 78 , 1382-1390 . |
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Abstract ：
Internal combustion engines fueled with mixtures of hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) are potential power devices for reducing carbon emissions. To improve the ignition and combustion performance of NH3/H2, turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can be used. This study aims to investigate NH3/H2/air combustion under TJI modes at low equivalence ratios. Considering that the adoption of the scavenging system is beneficial for improving the reactivity of the pre-chamber, the effect of active TJI with scavenging is also explored. The results show that injecting 1.2 times the initial mixture volume of air is optimal for scavenging, and the scavenging effect becomes significant as the NH3 fraction increases. Using conventional active TJI and active TJI with scavenging effectively improves ignition performance and flame propagation, reducing sensitivity to the equivalence ratio compared to passive TJI mode. Although the adoption of active TJI modes improves the lean flammability limit of NH3/H2, weak flame propagation may occur in the early stage of combustion under ultra-lean conditions. Appropriately increasing the injection of auxiliary H2 can effectively improve this phenomenon.
Keyword ：
Hydrogen Hydrogen Pre-chamber Pre-chamber Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Ammonia Ammonia Combustion characteristics Combustion characteristics
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Du et al. A comparative study on the combustion of lean NH3/H2/air ignited by pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition modes [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 86 : 208-215 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "A comparative study on the combustion of lean NH3/H2/air ignited by pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition modes" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 86 (2024) : 208-215 . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Du , Yang, Haowen , Wang, Huaiyu , Wang, Shuofeng et al. A comparative study on the combustion of lean NH3/H2/air ignited by pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition modes . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 86 , 208-215 . |
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Abstract ：
To achieve sustainable transportation, ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) should be applied in internal combustion engines. The adoption of turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can improve ignition and combustion stability. The present study aims to explore the combustion characteristics of NH3/H2/air adopting TJI, and the effect of nitrogen (N2) dilution on factors such as ignition mechanism and flame propagation process was analyzed. The results indicate that N2 dilution worsens the combustion of NH3/H2/air. When the H2 volume fraction is 50%, a dilution ratio of 30% can increase the ignition delay and combustion duration by 3-6 times. With the increase of the dilution ratio, sensitivities of ignition delay and combustion duration to dilution ratio are enhanced in both passive TJI and active TJI modes. Compared to passive TJI, the injection of auxiliary gas in active TJI mode reduces the sensitivity of jet velocity to dilution, which can accelerate the early stage of flame development. However, the high turbulence intensity provided by active TJI makes the ignition position closer to the bottom and causes an extended final stage of combustion. For ultra-low reactivity mixtures, the active TJI with the scavenging system can provide sufficient ignition energy, but ignition occurs after prolonged accumulation of heat and radicals, as well as dissipation of turbulence.
Keyword ：
Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Combustion characteristics Combustion characteristics Hydrogen Hydrogen Ammonia Ammonia Nitrogen dilution Nitrogen dilution
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Yang, Haowen et al. Effects of N2 2 dilution on NH3/H2/air 3 /H 2 /air combustion using turbulent jet ignition [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 82 : 685-692 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "Effects of N2 2 dilution on NH3/H2/air 3 /H 2 /air combustion using turbulent jet ignition" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 82 (2024) : 685-692 . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Yang, Haowen , Wang, Shuofeng , Ji, Changwei . Effects of N2 2 dilution on NH3/H2/air 3 /H 2 /air combustion using turbulent jet ignition . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 82 , 685-692 . |
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Abstract ：
Turbulent jet ignition (TJI) effectively achieves lean and stable combustion in hydrogen engines. However, research on injection strategies for TJI hydrogen engines is still lacking. In this study, experimental methods investigated the effects of single and split injection strategies on the combustion and emissions of TJI hydrogen engines under medium loads. The numerical simulation reveals the operational characteristics of fuel distribution, ignition capability, and energy conversion in the pre-chamber at different injection times in a single injection strategy. This work is conducted at 1600 rpm with a manifold absolute pressure of 70 kPa. The experimental results indicate that the delay of the start of injection (SOI) can enhance the performance of the TJI hydrogen engine. However, as SOI approaches TDC, emissions worsen, and combustion stability decreases. When SOI is 90 degrees CA BTDC, the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) can achieve 3.1 bar and 32.9%, with the coefficient of variation of the IMEP (COVIMEP) of 1.6% and lower emissions. For the split injection strategy, delaying the secondary end of injection (SEOI) can increase BMEP and BTE. As SEOI gradually delays the TDC, emissions deteriorate sharply. Under the split injection strategy, COVIMEP is higher, which is unfavorable for hydrogen engine applications.
Keyword ：
Hydrogen Hydrogen Combustion analysis Combustion analysis Injection strategies Injection strategies Passive pre-chamber ignition Passive pre-chamber ignition
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| GB/T 7714 | Qiang, Yanfei , Cai, Xiaoqian , Xu, Song et al. Effect of injection strategy on the hydrogen mixture distribution and combustion of the hydrogen-fueled engine with passive pre-chamber ignition under lean burn condition [J]. | FUEL , 2024 , 375 . |
| MLA | Qiang, Yanfei et al. "Effect of injection strategy on the hydrogen mixture distribution and combustion of the hydrogen-fueled engine with passive pre-chamber ignition under lean burn condition" . | FUEL 375 (2024) . |
| APA | Qiang, Yanfei , Cai, Xiaoqian , Xu, Song , Wang, Fuzhi , Zhang, Lijun , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Effect of injection strategy on the hydrogen mixture distribution and combustion of the hydrogen-fueled engine with passive pre-chamber ignition under lean burn condition . | FUEL , 2024 , 375 . |
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Abstract ：
Knock-free operation of direct-injection (DI) hydrogen engines at stoichiometric and wide-opening throttle (WOT) conditions is attractive, but combustion knock hinders the implementation of this idea, which inspires the present study. In this work, ammonia, as a combustion inhibitor, is added to the DI hydrogen engine, which is expected to utilize the low reactivity of ammonia and the crowding out of the intake charge to suppress knock and extend speed and lambda corresponding to knock limits. All tests are conducted at WOT conditions. In Part 1, lambda is 1.6, and the speed corresponding to the knock limit is elevated from below 1600 rpm to 2000 rpm by injecting ammonia. In Part 2, the speed is kept at 1600 rpm, and the realization process of the engine shifting from lean operation to stoichiometric operation reflects the effectiveness of ammonia addition in suppressing knock. Then, using the critical knocking state as a boundary, dynamically adjusted ammonia injection enables the engine to achieve stoichiometric operation and prominent power expansion at various speeds. Especially at 3000 rpm, the brake power varies from below 21.0 kW to about 44.2 kW. Furthermore, the suppression mechanism of knock by ammonia addition is revealed by analyzing the mapping relationship between combustion characteristic parameters and knock.
Keyword ：
Power expansion Power expansion Stoichiometric operation Stoichiometric operation Combustion knock Combustion knock Hydrogen Hydrogen Ammonia addition Ammonia addition
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| GB/T 7714 | Hong, Chen , Xu, Song , Zhao, Shihao et al. Analysis of ammonia as a combustion inhibitor for combustion knock and power expansion in a DI hydrogen engine [J]. | FUEL , 2024 , 375 . |
| MLA | Hong, Chen et al. "Analysis of ammonia as a combustion inhibitor for combustion knock and power expansion in a DI hydrogen engine" . | FUEL 375 (2024) . |
| APA | Hong, Chen , Xu, Song , Zhao, Shihao , Zhang, Huachuan , Su, Fangxu , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Analysis of ammonia as a combustion inhibitor for combustion knock and power expansion in a DI hydrogen engine . | FUEL , 2024 , 375 . |
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Abstract ：
Ammonia with low reactivity still faces some challenges as the main fuel for engines. Hydrogen and oxygen, as two combustion improvers, are expected to solve ammonia's reluctance to combust. To date, the application of oxygen enrichment strategies in ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engines is very rare, which motivates this study. The main objective of this investigation is to explore optimal hydrogen injection strategies and evaluate the effectiveness of oxygen enrichment strategies for the engine. Optimizing hydrogen injection parameters can vary the ammonia-hydrogen premixing degree, thus improving the flame kernel formation and flame propagation velocity. This is supported by the shortened CA0-90, lowered cyclic variation, and elevated thermal efficiency and power. Oxygen-enriched strategies enhance the heat release process and mitigate the negative effects of ammonia on the ignition process, which reduces cyclic variation and prominently increases power. However, the elevated oxygen concentration may increase the adiabatic flame temperature of the mixture and thus heat transfer loss, which decreases brake thermal efficiency. Moreover, a hypothesis that an ammonia-hydrogen engine may be employed in a hybrid power system in the future is proposed. The results of this work can be used as raw data for developing a hybrid power system.
Keyword ：
Ammonia Ammonia H 2 injection strategy H 2 injection strategy Mixture distribution Mixture distribution Oxygen enrichment Oxygen enrichment Ignition and combustion Ignition and combustion
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| GB/T 7714 | Hong, Chen , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Evaluation of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment strategies in an ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine under high compression ratio [J]. | FUEL , 2023 , 354 . |
| MLA | Hong, Chen et al. "Evaluation of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment strategies in an ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine under high compression ratio" . | FUEL 354 (2023) . |
| APA | Hong, Chen , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Shuofeng , Xin, Gu , Qiang, Yanfei , Yang, Jinxin . Evaluation of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment strategies in an ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine under high compression ratio . | FUEL , 2023 , 354 . |
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Abstract ：
Propane (C3H8) is the major component of liquefied petroleum gas, the combustion of C3H8 and ammonia (NH3) should be concerned. However, there is a scarcity of experimental data on NH3/C3H8/air mixtures to validate the kinetic models, especially at elevated pressures. This work aims to provide some new laminar burning velocity data and investigate the premixed combustion characteristics of NH3/C3H8/air mixtures in detail. The mea-surement was performed at various equivalence ratios (phi = 0.6-1.4), ammonia ratios (alpha = 20 %, 50 %, 80 %), and initial pressures (P0 = 0.1-0.5 MPa). Besides, five kinetic models were compared against the experimental data, the optimal performing model was used for numerical simulation. The results show that when the mole fraction of C3H8 in fuels is 50 %, the peak laminar burning velocity is about 28.5 cm/s. And the peak value decreases to 19.0 cm/s when the initial pressure rises to 0.5 MPa. The burned gas Markstein length decreases with the increase of equivalence ratio mainly due to the remarkable effect of the effective Lewis number, and it also decreases with the increase of initial pressure because of the decreasing flame thickness. C3H8 promotes the combustion intensity of NH3, which is reflected in the enhancement of flame temperature and radical pool, but C3H8 has no obvious effect on the mixture heating value of the NH3/C3H8/air mixtures. NH3 substituting can effectively reduce CO and CO2 emissions, and the reduction effect is more significant under high NH3 mole fraction conditions.
Keyword ：
Combustion characteristic Combustion characteristic Liquefied petroleum gas Liquefied petroleum gas Laminar burning velocity Laminar burning velocity Ammonia Ammonia
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Du et al. Experimental and numerical study on laminar burning velocity and premixed combustion characteristics of NH3/C3H8/air mixtures [J]. | FUEL , 2023 , 331 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "Experimental and numerical study on laminar burning velocity and premixed combustion characteristics of NH3/C3H8/air mixtures" . | FUEL 331 (2023) . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Du , Zhang, Tianyue , Zhai, Yifan , Wang, Shuofeng . Experimental and numerical study on laminar burning velocity and premixed combustion characteristics of NH3/C3H8/air mixtures . | FUEL , 2023 , 331 . |
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Abstract ：
Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon-neutral, the hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine with excellent power and emission characteristic is under the spotlight. The leakage problem, especially the apex seal leakage, is considered to be an important engineering problem restricting the development of hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine. To make up for research gaps, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of three types of apex seal leakage on engine performance. Two methods for calculating the leakage area of spark plug cavities are proposed and compared, and the definition method based on leakage direction is more consistent with the experimental results. The leading spark plug leakage and corner seal leakage has the greatest impact on peak pressure and IMEP, which reduce the peak value of pressure by 0.249 MPa and 0.047 MPa, and reduce the IMEP by 8.68 % and 10.51 % respectively. In addition to reducing the leakage area, reducing the distance between leading spark plug and minor axis by 5.5 mm could increase the peak pressure by 0.2 MPa and reduce the leakage from the working chamber to the adjacent chambers from 0.055 g to 0.038 g.
Keyword ：
Spark plug cavity Spark plug cavity Hydrogen Hydrogen Wankel rotary engine Wankel rotary engine Apex seal leakage Apex seal leakage Combustion Combustion
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| GB/T 7714 | Yang, Zhenyu , Ji, Changwei , Huang, Xionghui et al. Modeling and analysis of apex seal leakage in a hydrogen fueled Wankel rotary engine [J]. | FUEL , 2023 , 331 . |
| MLA | Yang, Zhenyu et al. "Modeling and analysis of apex seal leakage in a hydrogen fueled Wankel rotary engine" . | FUEL 331 (2023) . |
| APA | Yang, Zhenyu , Ji, Changwei , Huang, Xionghui , Yang, Jinxin , Wang, Huaiyu , Wang, Shuofeng . Modeling and analysis of apex seal leakage in a hydrogen fueled Wankel rotary engine . | FUEL , 2023 , 331 . |
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Abstract ：
Hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine (HWRE), as a high power density and eco-friendly internal combustion engine, has the potential to become an alternative for gasoline-fueled piston engines. Cooled EGR, as an effective means of improving engine performance, is less studied based on HWRE. However, due to the different operating way and structure, the flame development and propagation of WRE are significantly different from those of the piston engine, so may the effect of cooled EGR. Hence, the goal of present work is to analyze the effect of cooled EGR on the combustion characteristics of HWRE. This work is conducted under 1500 r/min and wide-open throttle conditions. The results show that when the ignition timing and excess air ratio are fixed at 5 degrees CA ATDC and 1, the cooled EGR level has a significant influence on the combustion process and operating stability. In addition, when maximum brake torque CA50 is employed, within test range, whether stoichiometric or lean combustion, both the brake torque and brake thermal efficiency are monotonous to the cooled EGR level. And cooled EGR can achieve high brake thermal efficiency compared with lean combustion at the same brake torque. Compared with the hydrogen-fueled piston engine, HWRE allows for a higher cooled EGR level whether in terms of efficiency or power output considerations. In general, the cooled EGR can be used as an excellent load control means to achieve high efficiency of HWRE.
Keyword ：
Combustion characteristic Combustion characteristic Hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine Hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine Cooled-EGR Cooled-EGR
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| GB/T 7714 | Meng, Hao , Ji, Changwei , Shen, Jianpu et al. Analysis of combustion characteristics under cooled EGR in the hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine [J]. | ENERGY , 2023 , 263 . |
| MLA | Meng, Hao et al. "Analysis of combustion characteristics under cooled EGR in the hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine" . | ENERGY 263 (2023) . |
| APA | Meng, Hao , Ji, Changwei , Shen, Jianpu , Yang, Jinxin , Xin, Gu , Chang, Ke et al. Analysis of combustion characteristics under cooled EGR in the hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine . | ENERGY , 2023 , 263 . |
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