In　recent　years,　low-dimensional　materials　have　received　extensive　attention　in　the　field　of　electronics　and　optoelectronics.　Among　them,　photoelectric　devices　based　on　photoconductive　effect　in　low-dimensional　materials　have　a　broad　development　space.　In　contrast　to　positive　photoconductivity,　negative　photoconductivity　(NPC)　refers　to　a　phenomenon　that　the　conductivity　decreases　under　illumination.　It　has　novel　application　prospects　in　the　field　of　optoelectronics,　memory,　and　gas　detection,　etc.　In　this　paper,　we　review　reports　about　the　NPC　effect　in　low-dimensional　materials　and　systematically　summarize　the　mechanisms　to　form　the　NPC　effect　in　existing　low-dimensional　materials.