Low　C/N　municipal　wastewater　is　difficult　to　be　treated　effectively　via　traditional　biological　methods,　leading　to　concentrations　of　pollutants　in　effluent　far　exceeding　increasingly　strict　standards.　In　this　work,　we　propose　a　novel　microalgae-bacteria　tandem-type　process　to　simultaneously　remove　ammonia　nitrogen　(NH4+-N)　and　phosphorus　(P)　from　municipal　wastewater.　A　4.5　L　microalgae-bacteria　tandem-type　reactor　was　constructed　and　operated　stably　for　40　days.　The　removal　efficiencies　of　NH4+-N　and　P　reached　97.5%　and　92.9%,　respectively,　effluent　concentrations　were　0.53　and　0.17　mg/L　on　average,　which　met　the　Environmental　quality　standards　for　surface　water　in　China　(GB　3838-2002).　Remarkably,　microalgae　ponds　accounted　for　69.3%　and　76.3%　of　the　overall　NH4+-N　and　P　removal　via　microalgae　assimilation.　Furthermore,　16　S　rRNA　gene　amplicon　sequencing　revealed　the　abundance　of　bacteria　changed,　suggesting　that　the　presence　of　microalgae　leads　to　some　species　extinction　and　low-abundance　bacteria　increase.　This　work　demonstrated　that　the　microalgae-bacteria　tandem-type　processes　can　be　efficient　and　widely　applied　in　the　advanced　treatment　of　municipal　wastewater.