Two　new　compounds,　ardisiapunine　B　(1)　and　ardisiapunine　C　(2),　were　isolated　from　Ardisia　lindleyana　D.　Dietr.　Their　structures　were　examined　using　HR–ESI–MS,　IR,　(1D,　2D)　NMR　spectroscopic　analyses,　single–crystal　X–ray　diffraction,　and　ECD　calculation.　It　was　found　that　the　two　new　compounds　belong　to　unusual　oleanane-type　triterpenes,　with　compound　1　bearing　an　acetal　unit　and　a　C–13–C–18　double　bond,　and　compound　2　bearing　a　C–28　aldehyde　group　and　a　C–18–C–19　double　bond.　The　anti-inflammatory　properties　of　compounds　1　and　2　were　tested　on　NO　production　and　cellular　morphology　using　RAW264.7　cells,　and　their　anti-tumor　properties　were　tested　on　cytotoxic　activities,　cellular　morphology,　cell　apoptosis,　and　cell　cycle.　The　results　showed　that　compound　1　exhibited　a　potent　cytotoxicity　against　HepG2　cell　lines　with　an　IC50　of　12.40　μM.　Furthermore,　it　is　possible　that　compound　1　inhibits　cell　proliferation　by　blocking　the　cell　G2/M　phase　and　promoting　cell　apoptosis.　Compound　2　exhibited　a　potential　anti-inflammatory　activity　by　decreasing　the　production　of　NO　in　LPS–stimulated　RAW264.7　cells.　Comparative　analysis　of　the　structures　of　compounds　1　and　2　revealed　that　the　acetal　structure　and　double　bond　positions　were　the　main　differences　between　them,　and　these　are　presumed　to　be　the　main　reasons　for　the　extreme　differences　in　their　cytotoxicity　and　anti-inflammatory　activities.　From　these　new　findings,　two　promising　lead　compounds　were　identified　for　the　future　development　of　potential　anti–inflammatory　or　anti–tumor　agents.　©　2022　by　the　authors.