Anaerobic　ammonium　oxidation　(anammox)　is　well-known　to　be　an　environmental　and　promising　biotechnology.　However,　the　natural　enrichment　of　anammox　bacteria　is　still　a　challenging　topic.　In　this　study,　partial　S(0)-driven　au-totrophic　denitrification　(PSAD)　was　developed　to　stably　supply　nitrite,　and　natural　enrichment　of　anammox　bacteria　was　rapidly　realized　in　a　single　sequencing　moving　bed　biofilm　reactor　at　room　temperature.　With　the　initiation　of　PSAD,　anammox　bacteria　spontaneously　emerged　within　12　days,　and　PSAD-anammox　coupling　system　was　realized　successfully.　And　then,　the　influent　concentration　of　ammonium　continuously　increased　to　the　same　concentration　as　the　nitrate,　and　the　mean　total　nitrogen　removal　efficiency　reached　92.77　%,　which　was　mainly　contributed　by　anammox.　Moreover,　the　coupling　of　PSAD　and　anammox　reduced　the　risk　of　sulfate　emissions.　cDNA　high　throughput　sequencing　revealed　that　the　relative　abundance　of　Candidatus　Brocadia　and　Thiobacillus　reached　39.03　%　and　13.48　%　at　the　88th　day.　Oligotyping　analysis　illustrated　that　GATTTAAT　and　GTCCCA　were　the　dominant　Ca.　Brocadia　and　Thiobacillus　oligotypes　in　PSAD-anammox　coupling　system,　respectively.　DNA-based　stable　isotope　probing　further　deciphered　that　Thiobacillus　was　the　actual　performer　of　PSAD　and　supported　the　nitrite　for　anammox　bacteria　in　PSAD-anammox　coupling　system.　Overall,　this　work　provided　a　new　strategy　to　naturally　enrich　anammox　bacteria.