Rhodococcus　is　a　group　of　obligate,　aerobic,　gram-positive　bacteria　that　has　a　wide　variety　of　species　and　is　widely　distributed.　Rhodococcus　species　are　frequently　studied　because　they　possess　multiple　hydrolases　and　synthases　and　can　degrade　many　xenobiotics.　This　paper　reviews　omics　research,　genetic　modification,　and　practical　applications　of　the　genus　Rhodococcus.　The　molecular　mechanisms　of　pollutant　degradation,　active　compound　production,　lipid　accumulation,　and　adaptation　to　environmental　stress　are　interpreted　using　genomics,　transcriptomics,　proteomics,　and　metabonomics,　and　the　corresponding　genes　are　analyzed.　At　the　same　time,　some　strains　have　been　genetically　modified　to　increase　their　application　value.　Rhodococcus　has　various　applications　in　the　fields　of　environmental　management,　biotransformation,　medicine,　and　biofuel　because　of　its　versatility　in　metabolism.　In　future　research　related　to　Rhodococcus,　new　omics　technologies　are　required　to　advance　in-depth　research　on　Rhodococcus.　Genomics,　transcriptomics,　proteomics,　and　metabolomics　data　have　been　integrated　to　identify　new　genes.　Novel　genetic　tool　kits　such　as　genome　editing　have　been　developed,　and　signal　transduction　pathways　in　response　to　environmental　stimuli　have　been　analyzed.　©　2022　Science　Press.　All　rights　reserved.