Geopolymers　are　a　kind　of　emerging　cementitious　materials　that　provide　an　environmentally　alternative　to　ordinary　Portland　cement　(OPC)　based　concrete.　Compared　with　OPC　concrete,　the　benefits　of　geopolymers　are　mainly　based　on　their　ability　to　bring　high　volume　ratio　of　industrial　wastes　into　construction　products.　Generated　via　the　dissolution　and　polycondensation　reaction　of　aluminosilicate　vitreous　in　industrial　waste　under　high　alkaline　conditions,　geopolymers　possess　the　zeolite-like　network　structures　in　which　aluminum　and　silica　tetrahedrally　interlink　alternately　by　sharing　all　the　oxygen　atoms.　The　formation　of　this　three-dimensional　structure　leads　to　ceramic-like　properties.　Therefore,　geopolymers　are　generally　considered　to　provide　excellent　fire　resistance,　and　research　in　this　field　has　been　attracting　increasing　interest　in　recent　years.　Geopolymeric　concrete　is　a　multiphase　composite　material,　and　its　composition　has　wide　variations.　The　orthotropic　nature　of　the　constituent　materials　results　in　the　variation　of　high-temperature　performance.　Owing　to　the　considerable　research　efforts,　it　has　been　recognized　that　there　are　mainly　three　factors　which　can　affect　compressive　strength　of　geopolymeric　concrete　(exposed　to　high　temperature):　(Ⅰ)　phase　transition;　(Ⅱ)　microstructure　changes;　(Ⅲ)　thermal　incompatibility　of　geopolymer　matrix　and　aggregates.　The　compressive　strength　of　geopolymeric　concrete　under　(or　experienced)　high　temperatures　depends　on　the　dominant　factor　and　the　material＇s　ductility.　In　this　paper,　the　influence　of　Si　/　Al　ratio,　type　of　alkali　solution　and　aggregates　on　the　compressive　strength　of　geopolymeric　concrete　under　(and　after　experiencing)　high　temperatures　are　discussed.　Combined　with　three　factors,　the　compressive　strength　degradation　mechanisms　of　geopolymeric　concrete　is　analyzed.　The　paper　also　summarizes　the　thermal　performance　of　geopolymers　and　the　fire　resistance　of　geopolymeric　concrete　structures.　Finally,　the　future　research　prospect　of　high　temperature　performance　of　geopolymers　is　discussed.　©　2023　Cailiao　Daobaoshe/　Materials　Review.　All　rights　reserved.