Food　waste　(FW)　treatment　has　attracted　increasing　attention　since　waste　classification　occurred　in　China.　Analyzing　the　environmental　and　economic　impacts　of　different　FW　treatment　technologies　is　required.　In　this　study,　four　FW　treatments,　i.e.,　anaerobic　digestion,　black　soldier　fly　(BSF)　bioconversion,　composting,　and　landfill,　were　evaluated　using　life　cycle　assessment　(LCA)　and　life　cycle　cost　(LCC).　LCA　results　show　that　anaerobic　digestion　outperforms　the　other　technologies,　while　LCC　results　indicate　anaerobic　digestion　has　the　lowest　economic　benefits　($5.16)　and　landfill　has　the　highest　($14.22).　Bioconversion　has　the　highest　product　revenue　($37.98).　FW　anaerobic　digestion　followed　by　treating　digestate　and　waste　crude　oil　was　employed　to　investigate　the　environmental　differences　between　waste　classification　and　mixed　incineration.　Digestate　gasification　and　conversion　of　waste　crude　oil　to　biodiesel　are　found　to　be　environmentally　friendly,　and　waste　classification　outperforms　mixed　incineration.　Furthermore,　we　explored　national-level　environmental　emission　reduction　with　anaerobic　digestion　as　the　dominant　technology　via　increasing　resource　utilization　rate　and　applying　household　FW　disposers.　Results　display　that　a　60%　resource　utilization　rate　decreases　the　overall　environmental　impact　by　36.68%　compared　with　current　situation,　and　treating　household　FW　separately　at　the　source　can　further　lead　to　emission　reduction.　This　study　provides　a　reference　for　selecting　FW　technologies　for　countries　worldwide　from　environmental　and　economic　perspectives,　as　well　as　a　direction　of　resource　utilization　for　how　to　reduce　environmental　emissions　from　treating　the　total　FW　produced　by　all　humanity.