Single-cell　analysis　is　important　for　early　diagnosis　and　treatment　of　major　diseases,　drug　screening,　and　studying　physiopathological　processes.　Microfluidic　chips　are　capable　of　precisely　controlling　the　microenvironment　of　single　cells　and　monitoring　their　behavior　in　real-time,　and　have　become　a　powerful　tool　for　single-cell　analysis.　Single-cell　capture　is　an　important　step　in　single-cell　analysis.　Till　now,　several　microfluidic-chip-based　single-cell　capture　methods　have　been　reported,　among　which　hydrodynamic　microfluidic-　chip-based　single-cell　capture　has　the　advantages　such　as　easy　operation　and　high-efficiency　of　single-cell　capture,　and　thus　has　received　wide　attention　and　has　been　used　by　researchers.　To　comprehensively　understand　the　research　status　of　hydrodynamic　microfluidic-chip-based　single-cell　capture,　master　the　structural　design　of　high　-efficiency　single-cell　capture　microfluidic　chips,　and　realize　the　accurate　and　rapid　analysis　of　single　cells,　in　this　paper,　the　principle　of　efficient　single-cell　capture　based　on　hydrodynamics　and　the　structure　of　microfluidic　chips　are　reviewed.　There　are　three　types　of　structures　according　to　the　structural　design　including　micro-well　structures,　microcolumn　structures　and　bypass　channel　structures.　The　optimization　process　of　single-cell　capture　microfluidic　chips　is　introduced.　The　materials,　structural　features,　and　single-cell　capture　efficiency　of　microfluidic　chips　are　summarized,　and　the　advantages　and　shortcomings　of　each　single-cell　capture　structure　are　analyzed.　Finally,　the　development　trend　of　the　hydrodynamic-based　microfluidic　chip　single-cell　capture　method　is　prospected.