As　the　largest　internal　organ　in　the　human　body,　the　liver　plays　an　essential　role　in　the　metabolism.　The　liver　or　relevant　diseases　are　one　of　the　leading　causes　of　death　in　the　world,　with　the　number　of　cases　surging　each　year.　Therefore,　an　in-depth　understanding　of　the　physiological　and　biochemical　processes　and　pathological　mechanisms　of　the　liver　is　of　great　significance　for　the　research,　prevention,　diagnosis,　and　treatment　of　liver-related　or　metabolism-related　diseases.　The　in　vitro　liver　culture　model　is　an　important　experimental　platform　for　the　study　of　liver-related　biological　mechanisms.　However,　the　traditional　two-dimensional　in　vitro　cell　culture　model　makes　it　difficult　to　reproduce　the　complex　physiological　structure　and　microenvironment　of　the　liver,　and　lack　of　disease　characteristics.　More　importantly,　the　cell　structure,　gene　expression,　substance　metabolism,　and　so　on　in　the　process　of　planar　culture　are　significantly　different　from　those　in　vivo.　Microfluidic　technology　can　simulate　the　physiological　structure　of　liver　by　designing　appropriate　micro-structure,　providing　a　microenvironment　more　like　that　in　vivo　by　combining　with　three-dimensional　liver　tissue　culture.　Therefore,　this　paper　summarizes　the　methods　and　latest　progress　in　constructing　3D　liver　chips　in　vitro　based　on　microfluidic　technology,　including　porous　membrane　culture,　hydrogel　culture,　cell　spheroid-based　culture,　and　3D　bioprinting.　The　applications　of　3D　cultured　liver　microchips　in　remodeling　liver　physiological　structure,　exploring　mechanism　and　pathological　mechanism,　drug　screening,　and　toxicity　testing　are　further　summarized.　Finally,　the　potential　value　and　challenges　of　3D　liver-on-a-chip　are　discussed.　©　2023　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences.　All　rights　reserved.