Hydrogen　production　by　the　electrolysis　of　water　is　a　green　and　efficient　method,　which　is　of　great　significance　for　achieving　sustainable　development.　Molybdenum　disulfide　(MoS2)　is　a　promising　electrocatalyst　for　hydrogen　evolution　reaction　(HER)　due　to　its　high　electrochemical　activity,　low　cost,　and　abundant　reserves.　In　comparison　to　the　noble　metal　Pt,　MoS2　has　poorer　hydrogen　evolution　performance　in　water　electrolysis.　Therefore,　further　modifications　of　MoS2　need　to　be　developed　aiming　at　improving　its　catalytic　performance.　The　present　work　summarizes　the　modification　strategies　that　have　been　developed　in　the　past　three　years　on　hydrogen　evolution　from　water　electrolysis　by　utilizing　MoS2　as　the　electrocatalyst　and　following　the　two　aspects　of　internal　and　external　modifications.　The　former　includes　the　strategies　of　interlayer　spacing,　sulfur　vacancy,　phase　transition,　and　element　doping,　while　the　latter　includes　the　heterostructure　and　conductive　substrate.　If　the　current　gap　in　this　paper’s　focus　on　modification　strategies　for　electrocatalytic　hydrogen　evolution　in　water　electrolysis　is　addressed,　MoS2　will　perform　best　in　acidic　or　alkaline　media.　In　addition　to　that,　the　present　work　also　discusses　the　challenges　and　future　development　directions　of　MoS2　catalysts.　©　2024　by　the　authors.